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走进世博会——中国2010年上海世博会介绍（世博系列之一）目录前言一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主 3、以往部分世博会简介二、中国与世界博览会 1、中国与世博会的渊源 2、中国参加世博会的获奖产品 3、新中国参加过的历届世博会 4、中国以往举办的世园会三、2010年世界博览会（Expo 2010）总体介绍 1、上海世博会申办的过程 2、世博会主 3、会徽 4、吉祥物 5、确认参展的国家和组织 6、上海世博会场地 7、上海世博会园区规划 8、2010年上海世博会门票 9、上海世博会世博轴 10、上海世博会世博公园 11、上海世博会演艺中心 12、上海世博会世博中心 13、上海世博会世博论坛 14、上海世博会网上世博会 15、上海世博会文化演艺活动 16、上海世博会世博村四、参展展馆 1、上海世博会主馆 2、上海世博会中国国家馆 3、亚洲馆 4、欧洲馆 5、美洲馆 6、非洲馆 7、大洋洲馆 8、其他国际组织馆 9、企业馆 10、上海世博会城市最佳实践区1# 老顽童thtsjy 前言 2010年是世博年，我们作为本届世博会举办地——上海的市民，愿为世博会尽绵薄之力。为此，我们综合了参观《走进世博会——中国2010年世博会暨世博会历史回顾展览》（在上海展览馆举办）、探访“中国2010年上海世博会展示中心”（位于淮海中路香港新世界大厦三楼）以及收集的有关世博会资料，整理成庚寅年第一帖，奉献给诸位参考。鉴于我们自身文字和拍照水平的局限、收集资料渠道的受限、整理功力的有限，本帖存在诸多不足，恳请各位指教，深表感谢！ 16# zj522522 感谢以上各位支持，祝你们虎年吉祥！ 17# 老顽童thtsjy 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来在古代农耕社会，人们往往在庆贺丰收、宗教仪式、欢度喜庆的节日里展开交易活动，后来逐渐发展成为定期的、有固定场所的、以物品交换为目的的大型贸易及展示的集会。这就是世博会的最早形式。公元5世纪，波斯举办了第一个超越集市功能的展览会。 18世纪，随着新技术和新产品的不断出现，人们逐渐想到举办与集市相似，但只展不卖，以宣传、展出新产品和成果为目的的展览会。1791年捷克在首都布拉格首次举办了这样的展览会。随着科学技术的进步，社会生产力的发展，展览会的规模也逐步扩大，参展的地域范围从一地扩大到全国，由国内延伸到国外，直至发展成为由许多国家参与的世界性博览会。 26# 老顽童thtsjy 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主1851年英国伦敦万国工业产品大博览会1853年美国纽约万国工业产品博览会1855年法国巴黎世界工农业和艺术博览会1862年英国伦敦国际工业和艺术博览会1865年爱尔兰都柏林世界博览会1867年法国巴黎第2届巴黎世界博览会1873年奥地利维也纳世界博览会1876年美国费城美国独立百年展览会1878年法国巴黎第3届巴黎世界博览会1880年澳大利亚墨尔本世界博览会1883年荷兰阿姆斯特丹国际博览会1889年法国巴黎第4届巴黎世界博览会1893年美国芝加哥哥伦布纪念博览会1897年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1900年法国巴黎第5届巴黎世界博览会1904年美国纪念路易斯安娜购置一百周年博览会1905年比利时列日世界博览会1906年意大利米兰世界博览会1908年英国伦敦世界博览会1910年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1913年比利时甘特世界博览会1915年美国旧金山巴拿马太平洋博览会1925年法国巴黎国际装饰美术博览会1926年美国费城建国150周年世界博览会1929年西班牙巴塞罗那世界博览会1933年美国芝加哥世界博览会——“一个世纪的进步”1935年比利时布鲁塞尔万国博览会——“通过竞争获取和平”1936年瑞典斯德哥尔摩世界博览会1937年法国巴黎现代生活艺术世界博览会——“现代世界的艺术和技术”1938年芬兰赫尔辛基航空世界博览会1939年比利时国际水资源博览会1939-1940年美国纽约世界博览会——“明日新世界”1939-1940年美国旧金山金门世界博览会1949年瑞典国际体育博览会1949年海地王子港世界博览会1953年以色列耶路撒冷世界博览会1954年意大利航海世界博览会1955年瑞典世界生活艺术博览会1955年意大利都灵国际体育博览会1956年以色列柑橘栽培展览会1957年德国柏林世界博览会1958比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会——“科学、文明和人性”1961年意大利都灵世界博览会1962年美国西雅图廿一世纪博览——“太空时代的人类”1964-1965年美国纽约世界博览会——“通过理解走向和平”1965年德国慕尼黑交通运输世界博览会1967年加拿大蒙持利尔世界博览会——“人类与世界”1968年美国圣安东尼奥世界博览会——“美洲大陆的文化交流”1970年日本大阪日本世界博览会——“人类的进步与和谐”1971年匈牙利布达佩斯世界狩猎博览会1974年美国斯波坎环境世界博览会——“无污染的进步”1975年日本冲绳国际海洋博览会——“海洋-充满希望的未来”1981年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1982年美国诺克斯维世界能源博览会——“能源-世界的原动力”1984年美国新奥尔良路易西安纳世界博览会——“河流的世界-水乃生命之源”1985年日本筑波万国博览会——“居住与环境人类的家居科技”1985年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1986年加拿大温哥华世界交通与通讯博览会——“交通与运输”1988年澳大利亚布里斯班世界博览会——“科技时代的休闲生活”1990年日本大阪世界博览会——“人类与自然”1991年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1992年西班牙塞维利亚世界博览会——“发现的时代”1992年意大利热那亚世界博览会——“哥伦布-船与海”1993年韩国大田世界博览会——“新的起飞之路”1998年葡萄牙里斯本海洋博览会——“海洋——未来的财富”1999年中国昆明世界博览会——“人与自然，迈向二十一世纪”2000年德国汉诺威世界博览会——“人类-自然-科技-发展”2005年日本爱知爱．地球博——“自然、城市、和谐——生活的艺术”2008年西班牙萨拉戈萨世界博览会2010年中国上海世界博览会——“城市,让生活更美好”2012年韩国丽水世界博览会2015年意大利米兰世界博览会 29# 老顽童thtsjy 3、历届部分世博会简介水晶宫的魅力——1851年英国伦敦第一届世界博览会纪实全世界第一场世界博览会——1851年万国工业博览会在英国首都伦敦的海德公园举行，展期是1851年5月1日至10月11日，主要内容是世界文化与工业科技，借此博览会英国在当时展现了工业革命后技冠群雄、傲视全球的辉煌成果。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了首届世博会 19世纪前半叶，欧洲工业革命正如火如荼地进行，科学技术的飞速发展，使人类生活发生了巨大的变化。在英国，自维多利亚女王登基后，当时的英国在世界工业中一马当先。同时资本的高速聚集和运作，英国也成为当时欧洲金融的中心。这些因素触发了英国将在世界舞台上演绎主角的欲望。此前，欧洲各国举办工业博览会已不是新鲜事，特别是英国、法国在工业革命的推动下，都举办了多届有影响的工业产品博览会，以此来推广本国的工业生产技术和宣传新产品。频频举办工业博览会使英国萌发了举办一次世界各国参与的博览会。成立于1754年的英国皇家艺术协会历来承担国家展览会的组织工作，担任皇家艺术协会主席的阿尔伯特亲王具有一种与传统理念所不同的开明思想和创新精神。1849年，艺术协会开始酝酿筹划规模更大的博览会时，阿尔伯特提出“博览会必须是国际性的、展品要有外国产品参加”的设想，要求能在伦敦海德公园中找到最好的展览场地，以举办一届规模宏大的世界博览会。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了第一届世博会在英国诞生。确立规则，女王广邀宾客 1849年6月30日，一次历史性的会议在白金汉宫召开，参加者有皇家艺术协会成员、全国博览会组委会成员、建筑公司成员和阿尔伯特亲王。会议作出了7项重要决定：1、世博会展品分为四个大类：原材料、机械、工业制品和雕塑作品；2、将建一幢特别临时建筑作为世博会展厅；3、举办场地选在海德公园南侧；4、博览会将是国际性的，由国家发出参展邀请；5、组委会将提供大量奖金以鼓励参展者；6、将成立一个皇家委员会来主办世博会；7、世博会财政集资由艺术家协会负责。会议之后，组委会立即起草并提交给政府关于成立世博会皇家委员会的申请。组委会成员到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的65个城镇和法国等一些欧洲国家进行了游说，动员参展。 1849年10月17日，组委会举行了一次大规模的公共会议，向伦敦市最有影响力的商人和银行家描述了世博会的整个计划。艺术协会的项目融资也有了进展，25万英镑的保证金解决了财务问。很快，议会两院也以多数票同意在海德公园内举行博览会。 1850年1月3日，世博会皇家委员会成立。随后，维多利亚女王便以国家名义向世界各国发出世博会参展邀请。 31# 老顽童thtsjy 一个方案拯救了首届世博会世博会的筹备工作开局颇为顺利，但是困难却是接踵而来。一是时间紧，距世博会开幕仅有一年半，具体工作尚未启动；二是集资困难，运作资金尚有很大缺口；三是社会上有大量意见反对使用海德公园举办世博会，因为建造展馆将会破坏树林和环境。但最大的麻烦是世博会展馆的设计与建造问。 1849年底成立的世博会建筑委员会立即向各国发出展馆设计的邀请。尽管方案征集仅有三个星期，但委员会仍收到245个方案，却没有一个获胜者。因为所有方案都是古典、永久性的建筑形式。这不仅使阿尔伯特等陷入困境，甚至有导致世博会流产的危险。正在皇家委员会一筹莫展时，一个不经意的方案不仅成功地挽救了世博会，更是成为人类历史上的里程碑作品，甚至建筑物作品的本身成为了第一届世博会最成功的展品。这便是园艺工约瑟夫·帕克斯顿和他的创作“水晶宫”。意外发现睡莲化作“水晶宫” 1837年，一位英国探险家在圭亚那发现美丽的王莲，便采集种子带回英国交给查丝华斯庄园首席园艺师约瑟夫·帕克斯顿(Joseph Paxton)种植。三个月后，王莲长出11片巨大的叶子和开出美丽的花朵。帕克斯顿将花以维多利亚命名王莲Victoria amazonica Sowerby（Royal Water Lily,Amazon Water-platter），并作为礼物送给了维多利亚女王。自此他与阿尔伯特亲王相识并成为挚友。王莲越长越大。有一天他把7岁的小女儿抱在其中一片叶子上观赏花朵，水上飘逸的绿叶居然轻而易举地承担起她的体重。帕克斯顿翻开叶子观察其背面，只见粗壮的径脉纵横呈环形交错，构成既美观又可以负担巨大的承重力的整体。这个发现顿时给了他灵感，一种新的建筑理念在脑中形成。不久他在为王莲建造查丝华斯温室时，用铁栏和木制拱胁为结构、玻璃为墙面，首创了新颖的温室。该建筑除了简洁明快的功能外，建筑构件可以预先制造，不同构件可以根据建筑大小需要组合装配，这样的建筑成本低廉，施工快捷。帕克斯顿听说了在海德公园建造展览场馆之事，立即毛遂自荐愿意提供他的建筑方案。帕克斯顿的设计方案在众人的关注下最终被敲定，记者Douglas Jerrold在报上将它称之为“水晶宫”，这个名称一直流传至今。1850年9月26日，水晶宫奠基。6个月不到就竣工了。整幢建筑是现代化大规模工业生产技术的结晶。 38# 老顽童thtsjy 博览盛会，创造历史水晶宫建造的同时，组委会挑选和收集各类展品的工作进展加快。博览会共有18000个参加商，提供了10万多件展品。组委会另设特别评选委员会对展品评选，评出5084奖项，其中外国人获得3045项。 1851年5月1日早上9时，水晶宫开门接纳来参加开幕式的客人。50多万人聚集在海德公园四周。11时30分，9驾皇家马车列队离开了白金汉宫前往海德公园参加世博会开幕大典，12时的钟声敲响，在“哈利路亚”乐曲声中，王室和他们的随行人员进入展览宫。水晶宫内挂满万国彩旗，参观人流摩肩接踵，各种工艺品、艺术雕塑琳琅满目、目不暇接。人们惊奇地观看来自不同国家的发明、珍奇和不同产品。参观者最感兴趣的是不同的机器发明。人们目瞪口呆地看着开槽机，钻孔机，拉线机，纺纱机，造币机，抽水机等各种机器工作，让人领悟到工业革命给世界带来的变化。当然，最受赞誉的还是水晶宫，这座原本是为世博会展品提供展示的场馆却成了第一届世博会中最成功的作品和展品。水晶宫成为世博会的志。水晶宫成就了世博会的举办，世博会的成功又为世界上第一次聚集众多国家，为了一个和平的目的交流不同文化、科技成果开创了先例。 1851年共有6039195人次参观了首届世博会。同年10月14日伦敦世博会举行了闭幕式，世博会圆满结束，并获得了186437英镑的利润。世博会结束后水晶宫移至伦敦南部的西得汉姆，并以更大的规模重新建造，1854年6月10日由维多利亚女王主持向公众开放。它作为伦敦的娱乐中心存在了82年。1936年11月30日晚上6点，中央大厅员工厕所突然着火，大火烧遍了整幢建筑。水晶宫的焚毁宣告了辉煌的维多利亚时代结束。 43# 老顽童thtsjy 1853年美国纽约世博会 1853年的世博会在美国纽约举办，主办者效仿英国也用钢铁和玻璃建造了一个大型展馆，同样称之为“水晶宫”，但规模却小得多，仅及英国的三分之一。 45# 老顽童thtsjy 46# 老顽童thtsjy 胜家缝纫机公司（Singer）是美国第一家成功的跨国公司，其主打产品——缝纫机被誉为继农用锄具发明之后的又一伟大发明，并被称为“世界上最著名的机械”。1853年纽约世博会上展出的胜家缝纫机已具备以后一百多年间的家用缝纫机的基本功能。 47# 老顽童thtsjy 48# 老顽童thtsjy 1852年，奥的斯发明了动力上升梯子的安全装置，并在1853年纽约世博会上演示其发明。现代电梯仍使用奥的斯当年的发明创造。 52# 老顽童thtsjy 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会上，一种起源于古罗马、风行于16世纪欧洲宫廷、而为爱尔兰妇女所钟爱的蕾丝作品，以其华美典丽而令人炫目，并由此推广成为平民女子的美丽服饰。 54# 老顽童thtsjy 1867年巴黎世博会 1867年在法国巴黎举办的世博会，已经具备了现代世博会的雏形。主展馆为490X380米的巨大橄圆形建筑，中心为公园，四周为展厅，16条通道分割展区，给各参展国设计自己独立的展馆。 57# 老顽童thtsjy 蓝色的多瑙河——记1873年维也纳世博会世博会的举办与规划十九世纪中后期，通过举办世博会来提高国家地位，已被许多国家认同和追逐。1870年，奥地利政府为将首都维也纳推进到世界先进城市行列，同时也为清除1866年普奥战争失败后的笼罩在城市上空的阴霾，向世界宣布：举办1873年维也纳世界博览会，主为纪念约瑟夫一世执政25周年。世博会举办地选择在风光秀丽的多瑙河边，这条河随着几年前施特劳斯著名的圆舞曲《蓝色的多瑙河》而名声鹊起。维也纳中央公园被选作博览会会场，面积达233公倾。维也纳市政当局想利用举办世博会的时机，对旧城区建筑大举实施改造，拆去城壁，打通市中心与郊外的联系，多瑙河也在整改范围之列，涉及水道绵延半英里，拓展河道工程产生的50万立方的砂砾被用于世博会会址之用。整个工程规划由建筑师凯利·哈森那根据意大利文艺复兴时期的风格设计。由于前几届世博会的启示，维也纳世博会的组织者已开始注重建筑的功能与美观结合，强调建筑的整体魅力。设计中的宏伟庞大的主建筑群——工业宫，面积达7万平方米,工业宫建筑结构合理，长907米,宽206米。中央与园顶大厅相连,两侧留有宽25米主廊，主廊与长145米、宽15米的侧廊相交。侧廊之间有多个宽45米,长75米庭院,所有建筑均建有屋顶，观众入口装饰处建造了凯旋门和不同历史风格的大门。工业宫建筑开创了世博会历史中建造大型联体展览建筑物的先列。 60# 老顽童thtsjy 世界第八大奇观——圆顶大厅罗托纳达维也纳世博会上建筑亮点是由斯各特·罗素设计的工业宫中央圆顶大厅罗托纳达。罗素曾担任1851年伦敦世博会参展委员会的秘书。该大厅设计显然受到了1851年世博会“官方”建筑计划书的启发，风格极其相同。罗托纳达圆形大厅，顶高83米,直径约110米,成为当时世界上最大的圆顶大厅建筑，比罗马的圣·皮耶尔大教堂的48米圆顶和伦敦的圣保罗大教堂37米圆顶确实大了许多。圆形大厅的结构也是用金属制作，建设周期仅18个月,时间之短在当时令人难以置信。建筑被称之为世界第八大奇观。圆形大厅其锥形屋顶由32根粗大的柱子支撑，圆顶之上有一个直径为28米的穹隆塔顶，再上面是一个直径为7米的小型穹隆灯塔，最高处是一个奥地利皇冠的巨大复制品，由皇冠珠宝的仿制品装饰。这个巨大的园顶建筑物引起了轰动效应，也倾倒了观众。世博会期间共有206270位参观者踏着台阶登到圆顶皇冠处，饱览维也纳城市的迷人景色并为壮观的建筑而荣耀。整个博览会除工业宫建筑群外，还有机械厅、美术馆、园艺馆等新建190多幢建筑，整个世博会把现实和艺术，现代和古老，东方和西方不同建筑元素和谐地融为一体。 64# 老顽童thtsjy 布展独特展品丰富建筑群内的中央广场呈东西走向，圆形大厅中央安放着土耳其苏丹二赠送的美丽装饰喷泉。四周由回廊环绕，陈列各国展品。维也纳世博会组织者，为了使展品分类越加合理，将展品分成26种，分类数增加到162个,其目的是“将创造发明、工业化生产与人类教育、生活品味和生活质量的发展相适应”。 16个展示厅内布局根据国家位置而设计展示体系，每个国家的展品都靠着其地理上的邻国，所以只要观赏了不同国家的展品，就可以获知基本的世界地理知识。奥地利展品中给人印象比较深的是一副刻画政治家在普法战争中形象的象牙棋子和一颗重达8吨、长50英尺放置在水银池中的巨型炮弹，使人想起1866年那场不幸的那场战争。埃及展示了世界注目的苏伊士运河工程模型。埃及政府把设计展区的任务委托给了一批德国的著名埃及史研究专家。他们在设计中将四年前刚开始动工的工程建筑与埃及风光、风情巧妙结合，把埃及的地理、历史和社会进程关系完美的展示给观众。瑞典提供了一个模范学校的教育展示，从教室的课桌设计到学生教材丛书和办学规划，让观众了解公共教育的重要性。　　维也纳世博会主办者强调发明和设计理念：科学和艺术，工业和手艺、过去和将来之间，需在美感和实用性的大前提下具有审美价值，构建完美的和谐关系。文化艺术类展品则显示了主办国-维也纳城市特有的强项。世博会中，奥地利为维也纳城市设计了专展览，展览以丰富多样的形式，详细阐述了建成于罗马时代的维也纳城市中城堡、宫殿、街道、广场和著名建筑物的历史故事。该展览最令人激动的是节日欢庆和比赛活动部分，每天的露天音乐会，由约翰.施特劳斯指挥管弦乐队演奏不同圆舞曲和圣歌，当然最受欢迎的便是“蓝色的多瑙河”，因为只有在音乐之都-维也纳，在美丽的多瑙河边，在世博会特有欢乐的氛围中聆听施特劳斯亲自演绎的“蓝色的多瑙河”，才能真正体验和感受到艺术家的真情和艺术作品的魅力所在。维也纳世博会中有两个艺术展馆展示来自世界各地的艺术珍品。法国、俄罗斯提供了众多的名家绘画作品。维也纳画家汉斯麦卡特画成的那幅长17米宽4米的巨作，尤其受人瞩目。古典艺术品中有希腊、意大利送来的大理石雕像，其中有帕台农圣庙的复制品和米洛的维纳斯雕像，据说当时维纳斯的双手还在。　　维也纳世博会于1873年5月1日开幕，11月2日闭幕，共有35个国家、4万多参展商应邀参加，仅有725万人次参观了世博会。最后财务的统计表明，世博会的总投资956万美元，但收益仅是其开支的六分之一，被认为是19世纪重大的财政失败例子之一。维也纳世博会结束后，工业宫部分建筑群成为了维也纳玉米交易所，机器厅等被专门划出用于北方铁路货物和谷物储存中心。但是工业宫建筑和著名的圆顶建筑也同许多历史上世博会建筑一样，遭遇了悲惨的命运，它被1937年的一场大火摧毁。 66# 老顽童thtsjy 1876年费城世博会 1876年的美国费城世博会是一次重要的博览会，这是一届为庆祝美国建国百年而举办的世博会。费城的费尔蒙特公园，是世界上最大的城市公园，也是1876年世博会会址。 68# 老顽童thtsjy 自由女神像是法国赠送给美国的礼物。为参加费城世博会庆典，就将已完成了的自由女神像手臂和火炬先送去。直到1886年，自由女神像才在美国纽约安装完毕。 70# 老顽童thtsjy 爱迪生是19世纪最伟大的发明家，他的许多发明都曾在早期世博会上展出。 73# 老顽童thtsjy 就在这一年，贝尔博士发明了世界第一部电话，立即送到了博览会上展出，也是在这一年，中国第一条铁路在吴淞至上海开通。 75# 老顽童thtsjy 1878年法国巴黎世博会爱迪生发明的话筒、留声机等在本届世博会上展出。 78# 老顽童thtsjy 永远的埃菲尔铁塔——1889年巴黎世博会的产物铁塔的由来 1884年11月8日,法国下院议会做出决定：1889年5月3日至11月6日，法国巴黎将举办第三届世博会。主：庆祝法国大革命胜利100周年。 1886年5月，世博会组委会组织博览会的规划设计招。中者中有设计师古斯塔夫·埃菲尔。埃菲尔建议世博会场地放在巴黎火星广场和托罗卡德罗地区，展览面积100公顷。他在规划中创意建造一座300米高的志性建筑塔。世博会的组织者们更是兴奋地建议：百年盛会中建造的志性高塔建筑，必须征集到大师们的作品，因为只有大师蕴涵的艺术天赋作品才能完美体现法国崇尚文化，独具和无可争议的优势。招的结果是收到了1000份极富创意的方案，其中花样百出。如，设计一座巨大的断头台以象征帝国的死亡。设计一座350米的金字塔，塔上雕刻有英雄雕像和浮雕以描述大革命的主要事件等等。但是，最“异想天开”的设计，还是来自年轻的设计师，古斯塔夫.埃菲尔的金属拱门塔方案。埃菲尔创意：“建造一座新颖的金属凯旋拱门来为现代科学和法国工业增光。这座拱门会给人独特的印象，也会超过历史上各种凯旋门形式。” 组委会委员、市政当局经比较和讨论，最终埃菲尔的铁塔门方案获得批准，当时新闻界大多数人也都对此方案表示欢迎。不过，所有人并没有料到，他们通过的这个方案成就了世博会历史上最激动人心的作品，也使1889年的世博会成为了经典。 80# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔设计和建造古斯塔夫-埃菲尔，1832年生于第戎，中学毕业后，他到巴黎中央大学求学。他在设计建造波尔多的杜罗河桥时，由于解决了桥梁支柱的稳定性的难而初露峰芒。很快，他又参与设计在美国纽约“自由女神”像，因内部复杂的结构而名杨四海。通过一个个大胆创新的建筑项目中，年轻的埃菲尔的才能很快得到了充分展示。埃菲尔在方案通过后，在40个助手帮助下，绘制了5300幅工程图，涉及到建筑18038个部位。 1886年11月5日，法国贸易部长批准了埃菲尔团队提交的最后方案。并提供其预算2750万法郎中五分之一的资金。埃菲尔抵押了他的公司并设法筹足剩余五分之四的资金。 1887年1月铁塔正式开工，整个工地成了一个巨大的钢铁加工厂，每段钢材都在工厂里依照严密的计算，根据图纸精确制造，然后又严格检验、编号、并按图纸进行组装。高塔建造时现场并没有什么辅助脚架,全靠精密的计算和严密的管理，一根根沉重的钢材凭借手动液压装置精确顶到位置，再由人工用一个个烧红的铆钉，挥舞着铁锥一锤一锤加以铆接固定。铁塔用去15000根钢铁材料，二百五十万个铆钉，整座塔楼在水泥混凝土加固的底座上矗立。工程在28个月工期里，始终体现着严格而科学的秩序。 82# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔引发的争议埃菲尔自设计铁塔开始，面对的不仅是创新的技术难，还有因铁塔而引发的一场社会争议。因为，他的“通天塔”不仅激发了人们浓厚的好奇心，也产生了巨大的困惑。巴黎杰出的哥特建筑学派专家认为从数学角度考虑建造铁塔是不可能的。而最大的反对意见来自于巴黎的文学艺术家们。以著名作家盖.德.莫泊桑为首的47位著名人士发起了一项反对铁塔名活动，名的备忘录提交给巴黎政府并在报纸上公开发表。反对和争议没有阻止建筑的进程，埃菲尔面对各种压力，始终沉着冷静，他认为铁塔一定会成功，他坚信建造铁塔将是完成一座人类理想的丰碑。铁塔在塞纳河边渐渐升高，反对的意见逐步减少。人们开始冷静地看待铁塔，并对它的整体进行评估：大胆独创的铁塔，新颖别致的造型，直冲天穹的力量，张扬中却又充溢着浪漫的轻盈。这一切不又体现了法兰西民族独有的创造和创新的精神吗？ 84# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔建造成功 1889年3月31日星期日，铁塔主建筑完工，埃菲尔与一些世博会高官一起登上了塔顶，并发射了21发礼炮以示庆祝。埃菲尔升起法国三色国旗并骄傲的宣告“现在，世界上只有法国国旗能飘扬在300米的高空”。艾菲尔铁塔，这个曾被嘲笑为“悲剧式的蜡烛台”，“可怕的钢材堆”“巨大的工业烟囱”为法国1889年巴黎世博会带来激情和滚滚财源。艾菲尔与巴黎政府的铁塔合约在1889年5月起开始回报，根据合同条款，20年中，铁塔收益归艾菲尔所有，铁塔就象一个金矿，这个金矿给艾菲尔带来了极大的效益。当20年后，铁塔移交给巴黎市，艾菲尔和巴黎市政府并没有料到，铁塔的收益会不断延续，在一个世纪后，铁塔仍然游人如织。 86# 老顽童thtsjy 世博会时的铁塔 1889年5月6日，随着埃菲尔铁塔上一声炮响，世博会正式开放，会期每天早晨铁塔上的炮声和晚上铁塔的灯光不仅成为世博会的景观，更是成为巴黎都市浪漫生活的组成。由于采用了电灯照明技术，这也成为第一次晚上也开放的世博会。 1889年世博会期间，登塔成为参观的主要目的和时髦，共有2百万人在会期参观了铁塔。埃菲尔铁塔有三层：第一层为57.63米，设不同的餐厅；第二层115.73米，设不同的办公室，特别是费加罗报的办公室，负责为参观者办理登塔证书；第三层276.13米，是服务区、气象台，实验室（物理，气象，生物）和艾菲尔的办公室，一般不对游人开放。埃菲尔铁塔有一部电梯，每次可容纳100人，斜升到57米高一层，另外一部可载50人的垂直电梯，开到115米高。电梯每小时可供2400人用。参观人也可以通过1792级楼梯徒步登塔，到顶层鸟瞰巴黎全景。 1886年，本茨制成世界上第一辆三轮内燃机汽车。1889年，本茨亲自驾驶着汽车在展示，大受欢迎，也预示人类的汽车时代已经到来。 1889年11月6日，法国卡尔诺总统主持了的盛大的世博会闭幕仪式，世博会明星爱迪生用新近发明的留声机，以播放埃菲尔宣布闭幕的声音作为博览会闭幕节目。 88# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔的精神 1923年埃菲尔去世时，他的铁塔仍是世界上最高的建筑物，这一记录一直保持到1930年纽约克莱斯勒大厦建成，它比埃菲尔铁塔仅高出几米。 100多年来，埃菲尔铁塔历经风雨，屹立在塞纳河边，并成为巴黎城市的组成部分。百岁铁塔并没有因时间推移而失去代表时尚的美名，它那高耸、浪漫的丰韵成为了法国的志。它凝聚着崇尚创新的法兰西民族精神，它张扬着近代科学文明的威力，它彰显着巴黎城市无穷的文化魅力。当然，人们也不会忘记伟大的世界博览会，正是这样的一个创造、创新的舞台造就不朽的埃菲尔先生和永远的埃菲尔铁塔。 90# 老顽童thtsjy 1893年美国芝加哥世博会而今我们日常生活中离不开的拉链是由美国工程师Whitcomb L Judson发明并在1893年芝加哥世博会上亮相

幺妹福利大全人跟狗

赖桂刚

Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth(

3000佳丽-三千佳丽在线导航

陈家弘

一直以来，我不断的出现在路上，用脚步丈量这梦想的距离！从最近的到最远的。从最东的到最西的。梦想的脚步一次比一次远！西藏，一直是我的梦想，为之我付出了很多，也牺牲了很多！想象这那藏地雪山圣湖，那豪情羞怯情怀，还蛮激动的，也许是此次的目的地是世界之颠的原因吧！挑战，一次比一次有挑战性！这次，我真的是只身一人在路上了！当背着那沉垫垫的登山包走向车站，走进人群，我又激动又紧张－－要借宿在青旅，要拼车在路上，要独自享受这一路美景！这一次，要考验我身体能不能行，要考验我够不够机智勇敢，要考验我意志力是否够坚定！这一次，我一定不能让自己失望！因为这是我的梦想…西藏，在路上！8.28北京-西宁8.29西宁市区-塔尔寺：藏传佛教的六大宗主寺之一，黄教的创始人宗喀巴的诞生地，它以藏汉艺术相结合的建筑风格、琳琅满目的法器、千恣百态的佛像和浩瀚的文献藏书，酥油花、壁画、堆锈组合的“艺术三绝”享誉国内外，青海省旅游王牌景点8.30青海湖-拉萨列车上今天差点没来成青海湖，因为一人，又没拼上车，就在我都放弃青海湖的时候，早晨醒来准备去吃早餐时，经过前台看见了一哥们儿说是要租车去青海湖，我那一个高兴啊，回宿舍赶紧收拾背包，坐那等候。经过“天下河水皆向东，唯有此溪向西流”的倒淌河，我们抵达中国最大的内陆咸水湖---青海湖，浩渺的青海湖像一望无际的大海一般，只是天空不作美，一会刮风一会下雨的，还好我备的衣服多。。。湖畔大片整齐如画的农田麦浪翻滚，菜花泛金，芳香四溢；那碧波万顷，水天一色的青海湖，好似一泓玻璃琼浆在轻轻荡漾。过了季节的油菜地PS：第一次住青旅，上个片片留作纪念哈，青海行YHA，店主服务态度很好，宿舍都是自己套被套，也很干净，有种回归大学宿舍的感觉。(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……8.31西宁-拉萨的列车上传说中的康巴迪有氧列车，外表看似绿皮车，内部可不一般啊，有图有真相还有我24小时吃的一顿餐，好精贵的途中经过可可西里途中经过雪地途中经过雪山途中经过河流途中经过草原-牦牛途中经过车站-措那湖：站在湖边途中观赏的天空、云彩和阳光PS：这晚住在了拉萨有名的青旅-东措，说实话，这个四人间，还没青海行的好呢，估计名气太大了，人太多了，也就一般了，不过蛮喜欢它墙上的涂鸦的，都是一些人才啊看这个布达拉宫，很需要手艺的9.1拉萨市内-大昭寺一大早，我们就去排布宫的预约票了，早起的鸟儿有虫吃，这话真不假。排完门票去广场拍布宫，这景色，太美了听说这个角度能够拍出最好的布宫哟，只可惜我的相机不是发烧级的药王山广场解放纪念碑布达拉宫那一天，我闭目在经殿香雾中，蓦然听见你颂经中的真言；那一月，我摇动所有的经筒，不为超度，只为触摸你的指尖；那一年，磕长头匍匐在山路，不为觐见，只为贴着你的温暖；那一世，转山转水转佛塔，不为修来世，只为途中与你相见。夜晚的布达拉宫广场，少了天安门广场的喧嚣，多了一份天堂的静谧，伴随着青藏高原的曲子，音乐喷泉为这广场增添了一抹欢动的色彩倒影在水中的布达拉宫，像一位羞涩的女子，静谧的矗立在那PS：分享下我们吃过的藏餐：酥油茶是真喝不惯哎，芒康木耳这个不错，哈哈，就是米饭硬了些9.2布达拉宫巍巍高原，屹屹雪城，宏伟的宫殿横空出世，记载着千年的文明的传承，布达拉宫的高度永远让人仰望。布达拉宫被称为“世界屋脊明珠”，它是拉萨乃至青藏高原的志，这座世界上海拔最高最雄伟的宫殿里，收藏着极为丰富的文物和工艺品，同时也珍存着独一无二的雪域文化遗产。在拉萨和藏地的任何角落，人们虔诚叩拜合拢的手掌永远指向她。世界上海拔最高、最雄伟的宫殿也无限衍伸着藏文化的灿烂，是真正属于世界的遗产，是可以触摸，可以深入，未经粉饰，但真正具有藏族建筑艺术杰出代表的宫堡式建筑群。有时这建筑更像一个神秘的符号，吸引无数人义无反顾地投奔西藏而来。。。PS：分享下我们吃的藏餐厅：多好的环境啊，真心贵啊9.3拉萨3650-曲水-江孜4040-日喀则3950：途径冈巴拉山口4900、羊卓雍错4441、卡若拉冰川、宗山古堡、白居寺经过世界上最高的淡水湖、有天上圣湖之美誉的羊卓雍湖。藏语为“碧玉湖”，是西藏三大圣湖之一羊卓雍错，湖水如羊脂般清澈，湖水甘甜，可以饮用。湛蓝的湖水与远方的雪山连为一体，加上两岸各色的山脉、极具特色的藏民族村落、遍地的牛羊，一路走来，心旷神怡。触手可及的卡若拉冰川一个小水库----马拉水库，都可以蓝成这样PS：日喀则限速40公里/小时，老让我们在路边等，看风景晚上入住的丹增旅社，还是一家蛮特色的旅社对面就是古旧的小布达拉宫9.4日喀则3950-拉孜-定日4300-珠峰大本营5200：途径嘉措拉山5248、乌拉山口5210翻越5248米的嘉措拉山这犹如肠子般的道路，真不是一般师傅能开的了的，要技术滴，还要车子滴。。。后驱车前往巍峨壮丽，气势磅礴，蜿蜒千里的喜马拉雅山脉，向地球之颠挺进 PS借宿在珠峰大本营1号营地，这高的海拔，天真的很冷啊夜里黑漆吗乌的一片，我们竟然还有个哥们儿去拍夜珠峰去了，太敬业了，我不得不上几张片片9.5珠峰大本营5200-日喀则3950：日照金山、绒布寺5100、绒布冰川、绒布河、扎什伦布寺不得不说，我们真的是一群幸运的孩子，在西藏这么多天没下雨，而且该看到的风景一览无余，连珠峰都这么给力，一大早露出了金色的笑脸，我拿什么感谢你啊，珠峰！绒布河是由珠峰北坡的三大冰川——东绒布冰川、中绒布冰川、西绒布冰川部分泉水汇集而成的冰水河流。当今世界上保存和发育完好的绒布冰川（平均宽1.4公里,平均厚120米,最厚处在300米以上,有高达数十米的冰陡崖和步步陷阱的明暗冰裂隙,是一个险象环生的冰崩雪崩区）。世界上海拔最高的寺庙--西藏红教寺庙绒布寺5100。当群峰还在晕睡，珠峰已披上女神华服般洵丽夺目的朝霞，伴着珠穆朗玛峰升起的第一缕霞光穿行在巍峨壮丽、气势磅礴、蜿蜒千里的喜马拉雅山脉，在荒芜和寂静中翻越海拔5200米的加乌拉山。远方除了为首的珠穆朗玛峰（海拔8848）以外，周围横亘着尚有拉布吉康峰（海拔7367）、卓奥友峰（海拔8201）、洛子峰（海拔8516）、马卡鲁（海拔8463）等白雪皑皑的世界顶级峰群，眺望雄壮肃穆的希夏邦马峰（海拔8012），一个唯一全境都在中国境内的海拔八千米以上世界顶级山峰。。巅峰之旅结束返回日喀则途中，途观片片田地观班禅大师灵魂安息地、黄教六大寺之一的扎什伦布寺：历经近五个多世纪风雨的扎什伦布寺，依然以它恢宏的气势，绚丽的色彩、神圣而庄严的殿宇耸立于日喀则市西面的尼玛山上9.6日喀则3950-拉萨3650，沿途欣赏后藏大漠景色途经发源于喜玛拉雅山北坡的雅鲁藏布江流域，千百年来，江水奔腾不息，流过大半个西藏高原，一路上劈山跨涧，坡势愈发陡峻，景色更为壮观.PS今天，我们一起相处了4天的8人这张最齐（广东刘Sir,陕西红雷哥哥，陕西赵大叔，浙江黄磊弟弟，安徽邓超，ME，安徽朱小姐，新疆萧萧）在明天就要分道扬镳了，回家的、继续前行的即将各奔东西，晚上嗨皮了下下9.7拉萨-纳木错4718-拉萨：沿途观赏藏北大草原、青藏公路、圣火采集点，翻越那根拉山、游览西藏三大圣湖之一的纳木措，远观“光明之神”念青唐古拉山。PS：八角街闲逛中川藏8天之旅开始：著名的G318，中国最美的风景线川藏线，沿途有翻不完的山，淌不完的水，以及沼泽、冻土区、地震区、碎石塌方区、原始森林和大冰川。一路上景观千变万化：有高山峡谷，有一望无际的草原，有雪山草甸，还有沿途随见的经幡、玛尼石、藏寺和多姿多彩的民俗民风，充满了刺激，充满了魅力，旅途虽然艰辛，但一路风景壮丽，是旅游探险爱好者和摄影师的极乐所在。这一次，我选择的是中国最美的风景线----川藏南线！ 9.8拉萨—68km—墨竹工卡—206km—工布江达—127km—八一—19km—林芝—70km—鲁朗主要景点：追龙藏布大峡谷，原始森林，雪山冰川，易贡藏布，追龙藏布与易贡藏布交汇后、就是藏区仅次于雅鲁藏布的第二条大河“帕隆藏布”，鲁朗林海观景台，色季拉山（4650m），尼洋河与雅鲁藏布汇合处，巨柏树。早起从圣城拉萨出发，途经工布江达县，沿拉萨河谷行驶，翻越第一座雪山——米拉山到达墨竹工卡。再沿途出发欣赏尼洋河风光，传说尼洋河是“神女的眼泪”汇聚而成的，水色清幽明澈，绿波见底。然后前往尼洋河，它是一条非常美丽的河,它是雅鲁藏布江的一条支流。藏语称河为“曲”,称湖为“错”。尼洋河,藏人叫它尼洋曲。而“拉康”是宫殿的意思。([]

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苏金梅

在地球上行走，做一次这样的自己。 9月24日青岛出发，12月12日返回青岛，辞掉工作开始30岁的独自旅行上篇。路上遇到的好友FOX现在印度继续旅行，而我只能陪女儿在家发呆了。发几张图片试试找回曾经的记忆，记录一段平凡人生的传奇。出门时老婆陪女儿睡着了，我悄悄的走了，我知道她没有睡，只是不想看到分离罢了。从家乡海边的栈桥出发。。。。我的EBC不坐飞机全程徒步。。。全程景点一律逃票。。。住过寺院蹭过赌场。。。旅行79天总花费约6000元人民币！照片不会PS保证真实。全程：开封—嵩山少林寺—洛阳—华山—西安—延安—银川—阿拉善—兰州—西宁—青海湖徒步—格尔木—拉萨—加德满都—难忘的EBC徒步—博卡拉发呆—饱餐蓝比尼—加德满都购物—拉萨闲逛。92楼青海湖开始正式的旅行。 159楼进入尼泊尔。203楼开始EBC徒步。看过其他EBC帖子的朋友，请直接看鲁克拉山下往返8天的故事。我们的EBC 徒步，自己做背夫，LP做向导，全程往返22天。 2人的每天花费卢比10月22日加德满都——SHIVALAYA (JILI) 500卢比长途颠簸 57010月23日 SHIVALAYA (JILI)——SETE 纽瓦丽人陪我前行 66010月24日 SETE——SALUNG 不停的攀登 102010月25日 SALUNG——BUPSA 美妙的小屋 94010月26日 BUPSA——PHAKDING 奇怪的山路 89010月27日 PHAKDING——NAMCHE（3440）公园中漫步 365010月28日 NAMCHE——PHERICHE（3860）拼命走下来的 123010月29日 PHERICHE——CHHUKUNG——PHERICHE 傍晚迷失在山顶。 64010月30日 PHERICHE——LOBUJE(5140) 自己找路 150010月31日 LOBUJE——GORAK SHEP——EBC——KALA PATTAR发挥潜能 202011月1日GORAK SHEP——ZONGLA 结实新伙伴 100011月2日ZONGLA——GOKYO(4790) 迷途自理50011月3日GOKYO——第五湖——GOKYO 藏龙卧虎自理100011月4日GOKYO——DOLE 云里行走 120011月5日DOLE——NAMCHE 大雾 52011月6日NAMCHE——PHKDING 迟来的大雨 150011月7日PHKDING ——LUKELA 机场已经停飞5天了 148011月8日LUKELA——JUBING 旧地重游 164011月9日JUBING——JUNBESI 神奇小镇 229011月10日 JUNBESI——KENJA 可恶的石子 90011月11日KENJA——SHIVALAYA 胜利的喜悦 166011月12日 SHIVALAYA ——加德满都 630卢比不再感到颠簸，不再感到疲惫，不再感到胆怯。25310/2合用费用+1500走散自理+（500+630）长途车费+1800登山卡=17085 当时汇率111.8 结果EBC的22天个人花费才1448人民币。刚刚结束的旅行：一使劲走遍东南亚——青岛出发东南亚五国游记https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1434891-1-1.html3月12日出发 5月3日回家 5个国家38个城市2个人花费12400元人民币。天津—马来西亚—泰国—老挝—柬埔寨—越南—南宁旅行是人生的美酒，我喝不起洋酒，来口二锅头吧。仅此2杯！多了我会记不起发生的事情。迷途旅行中最难忘的经历往往是那些出乎意料的事情。 2011年10月31日尼泊尔时间中午十二点，我们（FOX，山风，longkex)顺利翻过垭口。之前听说这段路很危险，要连滚带爬才可以通过，其实赶在中午遇上个好天，一般是没有问的。在垭口里徒步2公里雪地，对我这个北方人也不算困难，只遗憾没戴墨镜，只能抬头望着蓝蓝的天空。眼看要到达山顶了，一大队欧美人，在向导和背夫的协助下放下绳索，像幼儿园的小朋友做游戏似的，小心翼翼的爬下来，耽误了半个多小时。等到我们上去的时候，丝毫没有什么胜利感了。随后下山的路，真是让我们头疼了。山坡遍布着陡峭的乱石，我们根本分不清脚下的路在哪里，费了好长时间才下来。当我们缓过劲来，再回头一看，才发现山顶已经被浓雾吞没，后面已经不可能再看到什么了。感谢上帝把好运给了我们，耽搁几步可能就会有危险。此时气温开始下降，山风实在走不动了。一个女孩子能到EBC徒步，已经很不简单了，她在前面逐渐放慢步伐，开始发起牢骚。FOX这时早在前面不见踪迹，她埋怨都向我来了，寄希望下个村庄早些出现。能围在火炉旁边喝茶瞎扯，那是多么幸福呀。可前面一个个山头，总是连绵不断。山峰甚至开始骂开了“真不应该跟你们这些人来到这，什么时候才可以到呀，我不走了”我安抚她说“快了前面山头后面一定就是”，走上下一个的下一个的坡顶，果然看到下面有群人，在安营扎寨，他们是准备第二天中午反方向翻越垭口的团队，可是我们不能停下，只能继续前进。山丘过去之后，开始拐进一片山谷里，顺着小溪一直往下，不停的下降，让我们感觉是走错路了，很久才发现石头上的记，才敢放心继续前进。下午四点，我们终于看到ZONGLA，一个不小的村庄，这里由五家旅店组成。我自信的先冲进村里，像土匪扫荡似的找FOX，结果让我们很失望，他又继续往GOKYO出发了。后来知道他是提前1小时到达的，按以前的习惯才继续前进的。我和FOX尼泊尔以来一直在一起，钱也都放在我这保管，这时我开始晃了，山峰住下来坚决不再往前走了。我进屋扫了眼旅店的地图，冲动的选择一个人继续前进。走出村庄，过了条小溪，感觉要翻过一座小山，再下条冰川到对岸就可以了。我自信的跟着牛粪的足迹前行着，看到有石头堆积的路应该不会错，1个多小时就能看到FOX了。想想上次迷路他在山口等我的表情，这次也不会例外，步伐迈的更加坚实。可是走了半个小时也没看的冰川，才感觉越走越不对劲了，冰川应该在左面的山后，可是路却一直是往前走，并且山势也越来越高，根本不敢爬上去。地上的足迹也渐渐消失了，这时已经快5点了，我知道自己彻底迷路了。脑子里开始琢磨，应该不只一条路能过冰川，再往前走试试看。这时看到有头牛在吃草，大声叫起来“有人吗？救救我”，周围一片寂静，牛喘气的声音，像是在嘲笑我，这个倒霉的嫩驴。冻僵的脑袋提醒自己，现在回去还来的急，心里却在想，我包里有头灯，要不再往前走走。又走了半个小时后，前面没有路了，这时右边是耸立的高山，左面是爬不上去的山丘，前边被一个小山坡挡住了。雾气开始浓了，天色也经逐渐暗了下来，我不死心的爬上山坡，希望能看到小路。身子转过一块巨石，眼前的一切，瞬间把我惊呆了，脚下松软的石块下面，有阵阵寒风吹过，一大片纵横交错的冰川出现在面前。这时我不知道哪来的勇气，走到山崖旁边，往下瞅了一眼。冰川融化后使周围形成突出的山崖，而我就站在上面，只能看到不见底的深渊，对岸对称的崖壁，证明我的判断是对的，危险就在脚下。在去大本营的时候，走在冰川里听过一样哗哗的碎石声，我不会也随着滑落碎石一起滚下吧。往眼一看，这条的冰川到这里和右侧石壁后的另外一条冰川，汇集在眼前继续延伸，远处还有几条冰川，就像河流入海前冲击成的三角洲，在此汇合后，流入汪洋的大海。这无边无际的冰川场景，让我置身于动画片《冰河世纪》般的卡通世界。世界屋脊确实有这样神奇的地方，真是沉静的冰雪天堂，冰冻过的伊甸园，通往天庭的升降梯，一切让我不敢相信，是在做梦吧。静静的站着，灵魂脱壳似的发呆了5分钟，看到远处天空最后一丝夕阳，才反应过来，我必须原路回去。这时很小心的退后几步，生怕用力踩塌了脚下的石头，掉到冰川里去。救生的本功能让我猛的一转身，往来时的方向飞奔起来，真的被吓着了，连腰包里的相机都没敢拿出来，遗憾没有留下照片，见证一下神奇。我根本不敢想象这场面，是真实的存在的，此时此刻，它依然在那，只是很少被人发现。几万年前的冰河纪以来，大地原来就有这般浩瀚的景致，平常生活在世俗中的人们，永远也不会知道。或者2012未来世界末日后，我是唯一活着站在这的人，代表人类这种动物，爬到这里，发现真相，留下最后一眼的无奈。我这样一个普通的人，怎么配的上有这种经历。脱掉了虚荣的伪装，撤去了生存的面具，看清楚自己赤裸的生命。房子，金钱，美女，权力等等追求的一切都是假象，短暂的生命也不过是脚下的碎冰，50年以后必然消失。几番感慨过后，生活还要继续，一个完全纯洁的人，在这个肮脏的世界里，只能是个疯子，还是往回跑吧！ 10分钟后，天逐渐黑了下来，我边走边开始评估自己的装备，如果万一回不去，住在野外存活的可行性有多大？只有抓绒睡袋，周围没有树或者巨大的岩石挡风。而我又只有一次在崂顶混帐的经历，可以说没有任何野外生存能力。这时想起，我是沿右侧的山边过来的，只要咬住牙往前，再走1个小时就会得救的。人的潜能是不可知的，此时自己生起无穷的体力，拼命的向前求生，顾忌不了脚下的小溪和石头，早就不用看来时的路了，简直就是在草上飞。天黑后的山里格外的冷，幸亏没有大风，雾气也悄悄散去，月光下还能看清前面的方向。悔恨自己出来，没有带指南针和买当地的电话卡，真出了什么意外，老婆会骂死我的。家人并不知道我来EBC,说了他们也不知道是什么，其实没来尼泊尔之前，我也不知道。好在我一路上运气超好，坚持走到了这里。我绝不能放弃行走，一定会得救的，如果我成功回去了，这是我30岁前唯一可以自豪的事情。选择间隔年里，走这种自虐的旅行，也是给失败的青春，留下最后的荣耀吧。在我精疲力竭的时候，远处隐约的灯光闪现出来，我通过自己的努力得救了。我几乎是爬到山风住的旅店。当我敲开门进去的时候，一群老外们，坐在火炉旁惊讶的看着我，他们好像在说：“你怎么这样狼狈呀”英文我是听不懂得。我着急的打量着周围，终于看到了山风，惭愧的想让她收留我住在一起，只为节省点房费。这时我吝啬抠门的本性暴露无疑，别人不会理解我辞职来的尼泊尔的心情。我时刻提醒自己不是来玩的，放弃工作，放下责任，回去半年内还要花家里的积蓄过日子，每一分钱都要更有价值。我看的出山峰真的生气了，像是老婆在埋怨我的狠心，爱答不理的说：“你这是怎么了，怎么又回来了”我有种特冤的感觉。喝了口热水平静了下来，我把迷路的经历讲述了一遍，这才勉强原谅了我的背叛。第二天，我留下200卢比独自一大早又走了，因为我知道FOX还在等我。女人们，请原谅我的自私和狠心吧，后来我在加德满都决定不继续跟FOX去印度了，希望以后不会再有这样鲁莽和自私的旅行了。此贴献给我心爱的两岁女儿。有一天她长大了，喜欢上旅行来8264分享快乐，也许会看到吧。l 开始向珠峰脚下前进。。。请站在照片里，用心去感受。。。《未选择的路-弗罗斯特》黄色的树林里分出两条路可惜我不能同时去涉足我在那路口久久伫立向着一条路极目望去直到它消失在丛林深处但我却选择了另外一条路它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂显得更诱人，更美丽虽然在这两条小路上都很少留下旅人的足迹虽然那天清晨落叶满地两条路都未经脚步污染呵，留下一条路等改日再见！但我知道路径延绵无尽头恐怕我难以再返回也许多少年后在某个地方我将轻声叹息将往事回顾一片树林里分出两条路——而我选择了人迹更少的一条从此决定了我一生的道路即选择勿回头。。。单反D90照片大于2M,首次发帖不会处理，先发卡片机照片，请见谅！第一站开封主要游览了大相国寺院，早上抢到了沙发。第一次背着包在马路上走，还真是不好意思。第一次发帖还是用照片说话吧。佛日增辉塔有九层缸是开封府的行程第一天就看到释迦摩尼，难道知道我要去蓝比尼，呵呵。遇到了个长者说办个波依佛门的证可以天下寺院免费，比导游证好事，它怎么知道我有导游证呀八角琉璃殿中心亭的一尊银杏木雕千手千眼观音像，更是蜚声海内外。这尊雕像高达7米，像分四面，每面分四层，各雕手臂千只，精美之极，雕造于乾隆年间（公元1736-1785年），历时500多年，工艺之精，造型之美，举世无双，极为珍贵。方丈门前的麒麟急事慢做很有禅意日本真言宗的开山祖师弘法大师空海，于唐德宗贞元二十年（公元804年）曾居于大相国寺内。他学问渊博，且精通汉文，参照中国草书偏旁，创立了日文字母"平假名"并作《伊吕波歌》传世至今很贵的罗汉餐，后来在蓝比尼中华寺赶上水陆法会免费吃了7天，我佛缘不浅呀心愿要晒起来的这木头好像是化石什么时候能发完行程走了3个月呢先睡觉了我的珠峰EBC全程徒步用时22天，值得期待呀哈哈发完帖子回头再看，一切都很简单了。感谢大家的捧场，原本只为借帖子保存照片，后来看到有朋友关注，开始写一点感想。以前每天关心看帖人数的增加，有点炫耀的激动。帖子结束后，在东南亚旅行离开了2个月，回来后看到并没有跟帖开始有些失落。其实旅行总有结束的一天，帖子也总有被遗忘的一天，自己的经历才是最珍贵的财富。我会坚持丰富帖子的内容，对自己和观众负责呵呵。龙亭公园北宋开国皇帝赵匡胤陈桥兵变后，把这里作为皇宫。地上的现实地下的往事对面的驴肉汤很棒延亭观殿内有位神婆子说我是秦二世投胎故能玄虚 9月26日出发D3 登封少林寺，先上照片导游证被拒，幸运的是找到旅游团队扮演全陪逃票成功。上面的招式是出门前看别人帖子里学的姿势。少林寺威震武林，我真的来了！山东有孔庙；河南有少林。到处都是碑林此碑是留给我的吧，写我一生丰功伟绩，现在看不到是因为我活着。呵呵好达摩和玄奘是我最敬重的两位高僧本人是位滥竽充数的基督徒，在此只能半蹲表示对佛的尊敬。想起歌曲金鱼与木鱼，选择到此的无数高僧，敲击木鱼的声音回荡在大殿中。。。在此我已练成绝世武功，下少林必将威震武林。哈哈哈旅游让我走火入魔了吧。少林寺感从身受，上午游览寺庙和塔林，下午缆车上少室山，时间紧张犹豫过去达摩洞，旁晚还是从少林寺傍的小路上了达摩洞，在此有所顿悟。上山的路上看到路边的杏树，索性用登山仗打果玩耍，来到达摩洞时随手捐了10元平生第一次功德,老僧尼见我疲惫送我苹果解渴，登山顶看达摩雕像，回来把杏留于洞口还礼，下山时悟出合理的行走方法，往山门跑的精疲力竭，天已经全黑被困少林景区，最后一位出景区。刚谈好价钱包车回县城，最后一班公交8路空车拉上我一个人回旅馆，运气真好。此事的感悟： 1、万事皆有因果，多种善因必得善果。 2、遇到困难慢下脚步静心思考总有方法。3、贪心的游览差点因小失大，旅行不要太追求完美。我也不提倡这种自私的旅行，抛下老婆孩子自己闲游野鹤。这次冲动是萌发自心底的叛逆，领导同事们都非常的吃惊。更新的旅行还将继续，3月12日出发带上老婆穿越马泰老柬越54天！燃放出精彩。未来就在脚下，未来不可预测，只想自己既然选择就做好再说吧。这张照片是在EBC返程的时候拍的，珠峰脚下留下过我的足迹。本次行程：青岛-开封-登封-洛阳-华山-西安-延安-银川-阿拉善-兰州-西宁-青海湖徒步-格尔木-拉萨-樟木-加德满都-EBC-博卡拉-蓝比尼-加德满都-拉萨-青岛全程约3个月花费6000元这是傍晚武术学校的同学会爬山练功的地方。达摩洞是坐禅悟道的最好地方。 9月27日出发D4 嵩阳书院嵩山登山前有段公路，我的动作还准吧发照片让自己回忆一下呵呵写游记要对大家负责任，慢慢写点等可以见人了，一定邀请大家拍砖。能看出树杈上有3个菩萨吗？ 9月28日出发D5 昨天晚上冒着大雨做大巴到达洛阳，背着大包坐公交车找旅馆，找到第一次漂泊的感觉了，最终在牡丹园找到20元一间的旅馆.早晨雨中的白马寺充满诗意。寺院大多是不让拍照的，释迦摩尼创立佛教时还不让拜佛呢，规矩是人订的冒犯之处请原谅。十八罗汉太精妙了故宫赠给寺院的一级文物，简直傻眼了。([]

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人在旅途野味丁烦闷的日子里总想写首诗送给你却总是静不下心于是带着你遥远的祝福踏上川流在风景线中的列车在你生活的海洋中去寻找温馨的港湾 2012年10月烦闷的一天,突然决定去离我较近的桂林、阳朔去走一走,于是,打好包,下午说走就走... 午饭后,在广东连南瑶族自治县的广场上了去连山的车,准备在那里再转车去广西贺州,那里车多好拦车。下车后在连山一家小店买了瓶饮料,问了年轻貌美的女店主还有没有去广西贺州的车,她说还有(所有去贺州方向的车都要经过她店铺门口),她让我在她店门口等,说很快就会有车来,还给我一把椅子让坐下来等... 在等待过程中我开始找话和她聊天,得知她原来还在东莞某房地产公司做过中层管理,是个白领。我原来在深圳可是呆了18年,珠三角地区几乎跑遍了,自然我们有话聊了。那女孩是连山本地人,家人为了催她回家结婚,才逼她回来家乡的,小县城没有什么好工作可做,就自己开始了创业,开了一间专门卖阳江刀的小店,由于位置偏,生意不好做,加上男朋友又不顾店,喜欢打麻将,使得女孩十分苦恼,对前途感到渺茫,不知如何是好。她告诉我,在东莞追她的成功男人很多...偏偏回到家乡找了个不争气的男友。我留下了她的手机号码,想进一步和她联系,车也来了,我上了去贺州的车,准备在贺州扎营,第二天再坐车去阳朔的,可是上了车,计划全变了...因为又发生了一个故事... 车在傍晚7点多钟到了贺州车站,我在最后下车,下车后有个女孩站在大巴车门口突然问我"你下一站去哪里";？我说"我先去找个地方扎营,然后,第二天再转车去阳朔"。"那你去不黄姚古镇啊"?那女孩问我。我说"我没有打算去黄姚古镇";。我心想,你不会是拉客的吧!?她说"你可以先去黄姚古镇,然后再去阳朔啊"!我说"我没去过,不知离这里有多远,而且天黑了又没有公交车去了,打的士会很贵的"。那女孩说"我一看你上车背那个包就知道你是个资深驴友,我也是玩户外的,我家就在住在黄姚古镇附近"。我听那女孩这样一说,我立刻化解了对她警惕性,于是,我就和她聊开了... 原来那女孩是回家来参加堂弟的结婚大喜事,以前经常带驴友去她家扎营,那女孩人很热情,又在大巴车上认识一个中途在路上上车的一个来南方"漂泊游荡"的新驴,之所以说他是新驴,是因为那男孩第一次出远门玩"户外",让朋友在网上花了600元把帐篷、睡袋、背包、防潮垫全部买好了。后来,在我的指导下又重新买了个背包。后面细说。那女孩把那男孩叫过来跟我认识时,那男孩手里拖着一个行李车,到我身边一细看,行李车上拖着的是一个户外包。我见他的第一句话便是"我还没有见过拖着户外登山包玩户外的。那男孩姓林,让我们叫他"小林"。我问小林去不去黄姚古镇,他说,他听我的。然后,我问了那女孩,包车去需要多少钱,问到车价格合算的话,我们就去,结果,问到一个顺路要回家的黄车司机,约30元一个人,于是,我们三个人就上了去黄姚古镇方向附近的私家车,那私家车为了多赚钱,又拉了二个上来,一部小车就这样挤进了5个人。在路上,我问女孩怎么称呼她，她说叫她百合书好了。在聊天过程中，既然得知百合书认识我一个深圳登协一个领队班一起参加培训的同学"风景",真是无巧不成书啊!天下如此之小。于是,我们聊得更加投缘... 晚上，我们到了百合家里。百合书说明天一大早天不亮就要起来带我们走山路徒步二小时去黄姚古镇逃票进去。这个左面的女孩就是百合书,我们去黄姚古镇的徒步路上,还有小林... 百合书带我们成功逃票进了黄姚古镇后,还要忙着去找她妹妹一起赶集市采购食品回家办酒席,就交待了我回程的线路有二条,一条是坐车弯路绕道回去,还有一条就是原路徒步翻山返回。我和小林一直逛到下午就早早地徒步返回。介绍一下小林小林家在吉林,家族做药品生意,由于不好做,生意萧条就出来到南方走走,完全没有目的性,买到广州的火车票在韶关就下火车了,去了南华寺、丹霞山后,又边走边搭车到了连州,准备往广西方向走,走在路上累了就随手拦截到了,我和百合书同坐的大巴车,我是倒数第二个中途上车的,小林是最后一个上车的。我和小林下午从古镇回来后,上到我们扎营的二楼平顶上吃惊发现,我的帐篷被鞭炮炸出来5、6个小洞,仔细检查才发现都是帐篷门帘处烧坏了,不影响我的行程和野外露营,这事情我也没有告诉百合书,我是沾了她家的喜事了。又在书家楼顶上露了一晚上,第二天一大早百合书的爸爸用摩托车拉我和小林,分两次把我们拉到十几公里的路边去搭车到阳朔,还把司机师傅的电话号码告诉了我,在此,我借此机会向热心的百合书和她朴实的父亲深深道个谢!感谢一天二夜在她家的吃住和热情接待... ([]

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蔡军羽

这是去年的事儿，算起来，去年的今天正是出发的日子，已经一年了。　　游记写完了加起来一算，竟有13万多字，想了想，还是在这儿交个作业，如一位朋友所说，“唯有记录下旅途上的点滴，才能不辜负那些路上的人和事。”也算是借8264，对曾经在路上给予过帮助的人致以谢意，路上遇到的朋友说不定也会看到这篇作业，问所有人好。文笔不好，流水账，拍照技术有限，仅为记录，选了两千张图片一起交上来，因为工作比较忙，只能空闲时间慢慢更新，不知道什么时候完结，但肯定不会太监。先谢过所有来捧场的朋友，如果您能坚持看完，就是对我最大的鼓励了。　　　　路上卡片机随手录的一些片段，回来简单做的视频。　　《搭车去尼泊尔》目录：　　搭车去尼泊尔之前言简介、行程概览、费用统计、装备情况等　　一、启程，南昌→昆明　　二、单车逛昆明　　三、第一次搭车的艰辛，大理古城，洱海露营　　四、洱海日出，丽江漫步，夜宿黑龙潭　　五、行走束河古镇，丽江夜晚和朋友们在一起　　六、徒步泸沽湖，高原上的那一汪水　　七、大货车连夜奔袭记，徒步虎跳峡第一天　　八、徒步虎跳峡第二天，一个鳏夫的爱情　　九、香格里拉，心中的日月　　十、逃票松赞林寺，一路坎坷惊险连夜到德钦　　十一、梅里往事，雪山下的恬静时光　　十二、徒步雨崩第一天，人神共居的世外桃源　　十三、神瀑下的刺骨洗礼，雨季走出雨崩　　十四、搭车路上不容易，相聚芒康真欢喜　　十五、去***搭车！夜困觉巴山，借宿藏民家　　十六、好人罗大哥，连搭三天货车到波密，剑指墨脱　　十七、徒步反穿墨脱第一天，翻越嘎隆拉雪山，凄风冷雨中的苦旅　　十八、反穿墨脱第二天，搭档结伴行，脚底水泡连心疼　　十九、反穿墨脱第三天，冒雨独行，坎坷长路　　二十、反穿墨脱第四天，一梦四年，终走进“莲花圣地”　　二十一、反穿墨脱第五天，墨脱县城内休整，轻装的抉择　　二十二、反穿墨脱第六天，锵锵三人行，田园牧歌背崩乡　　二十三、反穿墨脱第七天，穿越蚂蝗堆、老虎嘴、塌方区，曾眼镜的四海旅社　　二十四、反穿墨脱第八天，穿越原始森林，拉格的秀美风光　　二十五、反穿墨脱第九天，翻越多雄拉雪山，走出墨脱　　二十六、时隔一年，重回拉萨，兄弟见面，不醉不归　　二十七、漫步拉萨，拉萨河的日落　　二十八、尼威朗玛厅，夜袭宝瓶山，露营拉萨河畔　　二十九、续走中尼线，大美羊卓雍措，宿营江孜宗山古堡　　三十、美丽日喀则，扎什伦布寺，计划徒步珠峰大本营　　三十一、徒步珠峰大本营第一天，壮观喜马拉雅，雪山下的巴松村　　三十二、徒步珠峰大本营第二天，艰辛的旅程，守望珠穆朗玛　　三十三、仰望珠穆朗玛，珠峰摔车惊魂记，羁旅白坝　　三十四、318国道终点站，到达樟木口岸　　三十五、抵达加德满都，蹩脚英语混在泰米尔区　　三十六、奇达旺国家森林公园，Rapti河畔的日落　　三十七、Rapti河独木舟漂流，丛林徒步，骑象寻兽　　三十八、静静的佩瓦湖，博卡拉的一夜　　三十九、博卡拉之晨，加都的杜巴广场，库玛里女神，猴庙俯瞰加都　　四十、博大哈的大佛眼，巴格马蒂河与烧尸庙　　四十一、巴克塔普尔，充满艺术感的静美古城　　四十二、古城帕坦，古迹如云的杜巴广场　　四十三、告别加都，回到樟木，离开拉萨，踏上归途　　搭车去尼泊尔之后记：愿在路上，不问天涯搭车去尼泊尔之前言简介、行程概览、费用统计、装备情况等有些朋友可能想问：为什么要选择搭车和徒步，选择走滇藏线和中尼线？出行多少天，多少公里，花费多少？大致行程是怎么样的？带了哪些装备？工作后怎么会有这么长的假期？等等问，所以先将这些情况做个简要说明。为什么选择搭车滇藏线和中尼线去尼泊尔？ 08年夏天，大学毕业后，我从武汉来到南昌，开始了人生第一份工作，至今已有三年。 08年底，我的一个朋友，肯，跟我一个单位的，到云南昆明工作去了。之后一直没机会见面。 09年夏天，在南昌，我的一个兄弟，也是老乡，马达，大学毕业后进藏藏漂，工作地点在樟木，就是那个喜马拉雅山脚下、中尼边境口岸的小镇。他离开南昌时我们喝酒，我说，如果有一天我能骑单车去西藏，就去看你。 10年夏天，我请探亲假，骑车到了拉萨，但无奈假期有限，即将结束，没能去樟木找马达，在拉萨呆了三天返回。 10年初，旅游卫视有一部很火的节目，叫《搭车去柏林》，我相信这部真人纪录片影响了国内很大一批年轻人和背包客，我承认，我也是在看了此片之后，萌生什么时候能搭车走一次长途的想法的，无他，纯粹只为想换个在路上的方式体验下。 06年，在网上被一篇徒步墨脱的帖子打动，知道了墨脱这个地方，开始有了想去徒步的想法。 11年6月，一个偶然的机会，我换了工作，将离开南昌，去沿海的另一座城市。在去新单位正式报到之前有点时间，便想趁这个间隙走这一趟长途，于是7月中旬将南昌的工作交接完毕。之前我没有去过云南，也没有出过境。所以决定这次选择搭车走滇藏线和中尼线。于是，在一切准备妥当之后，2011年7月21日，就这样出发了。行程简介这次出行，前后共计53天。因为出发前并不能确定时间长短，所以没做太多计划，比较随意，基本属于边走边看情况。按照大致设想，先坐火车到昆明，然后从昆明出发，边搭车边徒步，沿滇藏线、中尼线至尼泊尔，游玩途中某些点，或者选择去徒步。出行方式为一个人，重装。至于路上是否捡到伴或者被捡，随缘，走几天是几天；是否露营，看具体情况和心情。大致路线：南昌→昆明→大理→丽江→泸沽湖→虎跳峡→香格里拉→德钦飞来寺→雨崩→芒康→波密→墨脱→林芝八一→拉萨→羊湖→江孜→日喀则→珠峰大本营→樟木→尼泊尔加德满都→奇达旺→博卡拉→加德满都→樟木→拉萨→武昌→南昌，总行程约12000公里，包括火车、汽车，搭车以及徒步等方式。实际搭顺风车路段为昆明→拉萨→樟木，共搭顺风车33次，行程约3000公里，从拖拉机、摩托车到奥迪、陆巡都有过。途中徒步里程约为650公里。总的来说，大部分前进的里程是靠搭车完成，但大部分的时间是在走路。路线图花费统计作为一个自助游的驴子，原则就是当花钱则花钱，不值得花的就省掉，不大手大脚、不铺张、不浪费，我相信，穷游也可以玩得很好，玩得很开心。（其实穷游意味着你可以用省下的钱走更远的路。）这次出行全部费用总计约5500元人民币。主要分为以下几个部分：一、出行交通类：南昌→昆明，火车硬座，107 大理→丽江，小车，50（本来上车之前说好是搭车，但到丽江之后司机说让给点油费）丽江→泸沽湖大巴往返，及包车，227 虎跳峡镇→香格里拉，小巴，30（搭车未果）德钦→飞来寺，包车，15 飞来寺→西当温泉往返，包车，80 香格里拉→普达措，包车，20 派镇→八一，中巴，50 珠峰大本营→白坝村，摩托车，100 樟木→拉萨，大巴，200 拉萨→武昌，火车硬座，375 武昌→南昌，火车硬座，52 加上公交、的士等，交通费约1400。二、门票类（不包括尼泊尔境内）：共670元泸沽湖 100 虎跳峡 50（张老师小道10，拍照5）香格里拉普达措国家森林公园 190 梅里雪山雨崩景区 80 扎什伦布寺 55 珠峰国家级自然保护区 180 三、住宿类：总共46晚（不包括尼泊尔6晚），17个晚上没有花钱（7晚搭帐篷，3晚火车，1晚货车，4晚跟朋友混，2晚借地儿打地铺），住宿共29晚，住宿费约750元。四、尼泊尔花费： 2011.9.1-7七天，在尼泊尔境内所有交通、食宿、购物、门票，1500元。（出关前换了1500人民币，回樟木后剩下的卢比还换回了50元）五、剩下的费用就是平时吃饭、补给、购物以及其他花销了，约1200元。行程概览 D1-D2/2011.7.21-22 火车，南昌→昆明，31个小时。投奔老友肯，混在其单位宿舍。 D3/2011.7.23 单车，骑游昆明。 D4/2011.7.24 搭车，昆明→大理，暴走大理，夜宿洱海畔，扎营。徒步30K，搭车2次，320K。 D5/2011.7.25 搭车，大理→丽江，游走丽江古城，夜宿黑龙潭，扎营。徒步8K，搭车2次，185K。 D6/2011.7.26 漫步束河古镇，丽江休整。宿青旅。徒步15K。 D7/2011.7.27 坐车，丽江→泸沽湖，200K。扎营泸沽湖畔。徒步5K。 D8/2011.7.28 徒步泸沽湖，里格村→走婚桥。扎营泸沽湖畔。徒步35K。 D9/2011.7.29 坐车，泸沽湖→丽江。徒步10K。搭车，丽江市郊→拉市乡，12K。 D10/2011.7.30连夜搭乘货车，拉市乡→丽江→大具乡，100K，拂晓下车。遇雨，迷路，觅渡。渡船，过金沙江。徒步虎跳峡第一天，大具至中虎跳，25K，宿山白脸客栈。途中搭车2K。 D11/2011.7.31 徒步虎跳峡第二天，中虎跳至虎跳峡镇镇外，徒步8小时，27K，搭车1次，1K。 D12/2011.8.1 大雨，搭车未果，坐车至香格里拉。宿青旅。徒步8K。 D13/2011.8.2 香格里拉，普达措国家森林公园，独克宗古城。徒步10K。 D14/2011.8.3晨起，逃票松赞林寺。徒步出香格里拉县城，搭车，至奔子栏，德钦封路，换车搭，绕路四川得荣，连夜赶路，第二日凌晨至德钦，220K。某宾馆打地铺。徒步5K。 D15/2011.8.4 包车，至飞来寺守望6740客栈，休整一天。 D16/2011.8.5 包车，至西当温泉，徒步进雨崩。宿徒步者之家。徒步10K。 D17/2011.8.6 徒步雨崩神瀑往返，接神水。徒步10K。 D18/2011.8.7 雨，徒步出雨崩，飞来寺守望6740客栈休整。徒步10K。 D19/2011.8.8 搭车3次，200K，至芒康，徒步15K。 D20/2011.8.9 搭车3次，45K，徒步30K，翻觉巴山无住宿，借宿半山腰藏民家里打地铺。 D21/2011.8.10 搭大货车，100K，至左贡。徒步5K。 D22/2011.8.11 搭大货车，200K，至八宿，扎营八宿兵站对面。 D23/2011.8.12 搭大货车，220K，至波密。 D24/2011.8.13 徒步反穿墨脱第一天，波密→52K，徒步42K，13小时，搭车10K，翻越嘎隆拉雪山。 D25/2011.8.14 反穿墨脱第二天，徒步52K→80K，实际徒步里程33K。 D26/2011.8.15 反穿墨脱第三天，80K→108K，雨中徒步28K。 D27/2011.8.16 反穿墨脱第四天，108K→墨脱县城，徒步33K。 D28/2011.8.17 墨脱县城内休整。 D29/2011.8.18 反穿墨脱第五天，墨脱→背崩，徒步28K。 D30/2011.8.19反穿墨脱第六天，背崩→汉密，经蚂蝗区、老虎嘴，海拔上升一千多米，徒步28K，宿曾眼镜的四海旅社。 D31/2011.8.20 反穿墨脱第七天，汉密→拉格，海拔上升一千米，徒步25K。 D32/2011.8.21 反穿墨脱第八天，拉格→松林口→派镇，翻越多雄拉雪山，徒步25K。坐车，派镇至林芝八一镇。 D33/2011.8.22 搭车2次，重返拉萨，400K，徒步8K。投奔马达，宿和平开的藏獒越野俱乐部，是夜醉倒。 D34-36/2011.8.23-25 拉萨游荡，FB，和马达、家猫一起。 D37/2011.8.26 搭车5次，拉萨→曲水→羊湖→浪卡子→江孜，230K，徒步10K，扎营宗山古堡。 D38/2011.8.27 搭车4次，江孜→日喀则（扎什伦布寺）→拉孜→定日县白坝村，310K。徒步20K。 D39/2011.8.28 徒步珠峰大本营第一天，白坝→扎西宗→巴松村，徒步28K，搭车2次，43K。 D40/2011.8.29 徒步珠峰大本营第二天，巴松村→绒布寺→珠峰大本营，徒步46K。 D41/2011.8.30 雇藏民摩托车，下珠峰大本营，搭车未果，宿白坝。 D42/2011.8.31 搭车2次，白坝→聂拉木→樟木，220K，徒步25K，宿樟木山水宾馆。 D43/2011.9.1过樟木中尼口岸，包车至尼泊尔（NEPAl）首都加德满都（Kathmandu），宿泰米尔区（Thamel）凤凰宾馆（PhoenixHotel）。 D44/2011.9.2 坐车由加德满都（Kathmandu）至奇达旺（Chitwan）国家森林公园，宿The RiverSide Hotel，河边观日落，看犀牛、鳄鱼、野猪，晚上观看民俗棍舞表演。 D45/2011.9.3Rapti河上独木舟漂流，看鳄鱼、大象、各种鸟类，丛林徒步，骑象穿越原始森林，看到麋鹿、梅花鹿。 D46/2011.9.4 坐车从奇达旺（Chitwan）到博卡拉（Pokhara），镇上闲逛，佩瓦湖（PhewaLake）边漫步。宿Grand Holiday Hotel。 D47/2011.9.5 坐车从博卡拉（Pokhara）回加德满都（Kathmandu），漫步加都的杜巴广场（DurbarSquare）和猴庙（Swayambhunath Stupa）。 D48/2011.9.6 逛博大哈（Bouddhanath Stupa）的大佛眼，帕苏帕堤庙（PashupatinnathTemple，俗称烧尸庙），巴克塔普尔（Bhaktapur）的杜巴广场，帕坦（Patan）的杜巴广场。 D49/2011.9.7 包车，加都返回樟木。 D50/2011.9.8 坐车，樟木返回拉萨，晚上FB至凌晨三点。 D51-53/2011.9.9-11 火车，拉萨→武昌→南昌。装备情况 ①户外用品类：登山包一个（OSPREY苍穹60L）、双人帐篷一顶（牧高笛冷山2AIR）、自充垫、睡袋（﹣5℃）、腰包（8L，主要挂在前面放相机）、登山杖、徒步鞋、洞洞鞋、防水袋、防雨罩、炉头、气罐、套锅、挡风板、鸡蛋盒、筷子（勺子）、打火机、洗洁精、瑞士军dao。 ②电子类：单反一台（D90套机，8G卡），附带三脚架、充电器、遥控器、备用电池一枚；卡片机一台（2G卡），附带小三脚架、充电器、备用电池一枚；常用手机（包括充电器、备用电池、数据线），备用手机（包括充电器）；读卡器，备用SD卡（2G）；手电，附带充电器、两节18650电池。 ③衣物类：冲锋衣、冲锋裤、速干裤（可拆）、速干衬衣、长裤（可拆）、短袖T恤2件、速干排汗保暖内衣裤1套、内裤3条、袜子5双、大檐帽、护膝、魔术头巾2个。 ④生活用品类：洗漱用具（毛巾、口杯、牙膏牙刷、洗面奶、洗发水、香皂）、剃须刀、卷纸、防晒霜、唇膏。 ⑤药品类：止泻药、感冒药、正红花油、驱蚊花露水、风油精。 ⑥证件类：身份证、护照、边境通行证、钱包（现金若干、银行卡一张）。 ⑦文具类：中国交通旅游地图册一本，云南、西藏、尼泊尔等地地图若干及打印的简单攻略，日记本、中性笔、记号笔，一包铅笔橡皮小 dao等文具（路上准备送藏族小孩的）。 ⑧其他：墨镜、指甲刀、针线、尼龙绳、雨伞、水壶2个、前进自行车运动俱乐部队旗。备注：因为包的容量有限，也考虑到背负后的重量，后来就没有带移动硬盘、溯溪鞋、望远镜等一些物品。打包后也没有刻意去称重，估计所有东西加在一起约25KG，路上有时还会补给干粮和水。当然带了的东西也并不都是全部用上了，有些东西确实无形之中给后来的徒步增加了负重，很痛苦，但具体情况不一样，自另当别论。出发前的全部家当了搭车去尼泊尔（一）：启程，南昌→昆明 D1-D2/2011.7.21-22 这是南昌的七月，夏天最为火辣的时候。阳光像针一般，刺在皮肤上，空气闷热而干燥，知了在樟树叶子下有气无力地呻吟。即便坐在屋里一动不动，汗水都可以沿着脊背涔涔而下。我背着硕大的登山包，走下楼去，桑送我到公交车站。因为将离开南昌，半个月前，我就退掉了在市区租的房子，混在朋友的租房里，连同所有的行李，七八个大包裹外加一辆自行车，搬过去的时候整个儿就一搬迁户。 2路车，哐啷哐啷，驶向火车站。公交电视上全是姚晨的大嘴广告，“赶集了！”，放了N+1遍，更添聒噪。身上早已被汗水浸透。进了火车站候车室，人群密密麻麻。我排在队伍的最后面，去昆明的车还有不到一个小时发车。突然手机响起来了，一看是朝阳姐！她说，她和兔子、云飞扬姐，还有小黑要来火车站给我送行，问我在哪儿，我告诉了她位置。穿过拥挤的人群，我翘首寻找，终于看见兔子穿着橘红色的前进队服，在人群里大声叫着“盼盼！盼盼！”大家的突然现身送行，是我没有料到的，很感动。短暂的话别之后，带着飞扬姐送来的水果，还有大家的叮嘱和祝福，踏上了火车。到昆明的这一趟车是一节绿皮慢车，人们被封闭在车厢里，就像附赠了免费桑拿，浑身的汗水如黄河滚滚而下。对面的一位大姐中暑了，另一位大婶在跟她掐人中。已记不清流了多少次汗，T恤一会儿干，一会儿湿，身上黏糊糊的，像在岸上打滚的泥鳅。过道上站了不少人，很拥挤，跋山涉水走了5个车厢，没有热水，泡面也懒得吃了。到夕阳西下的时候，温度才渐渐降下来。夜深了，车厢里的旅客们大多已经倚斜着头睡着。我完全没有睡意，望着窗外发呆，晚风一阵接一阵灌进来，凉快透了。心里突然有一点小迷茫，为这未知的行程。列车不紧不慢地驶着，到第二天早上才出湖南，进入贵州。进入贵州之后，山区渐多，天气终于不那么炎热了。火车穿过一个又一个漆黑漫长的隧道，看见黔东南的一片秀丽山水，一路是连绵起伏的山，山谷内间或有三两人家，屋舍虽陋小，却俨然有致，屋前阡陌曲折，鸡犬相戏，稻田泛青。坐着或站在我周围的，是一群从江西前往云南的打工者。他们，一行十人，来自赣州石城，听同乡说在西双版纳有事做，于是集体前往那边打工，全部站票，南昌到昆明仅这一趟绿皮车，三十多个小时，他们说，这车是给没钱人坐的，好车都不往西开。他，来自新余，自言二十岁出来就到昆明打工，基本上一直生活在那里，上个月他还回了趟老家，家中还有两个念书的娃。他和他，都是江西老表，他在北京、唐山等地的工地上呆过，这次要去西双版纳，他一个表妹的老公说可去那边做缅甸的玉石生意，他也是来自工地上，呆过四川、青海等地，这次他准备到昆明谋事，俩人相谈甚欢，互通名姓，居然是同姓本家，于是互留手机号，于是这老乡在异地就有了纽带。我喜欢在火车上默默听这些人的经历和故事，这样会更了解中国，不管他们将去何方，祝愿他们都有一个好的明天。在路上列车停下来的时候，山区里，会有一群小孩子追着列车卖山梨，梨很小，一块钱两枚，但买的乘客不少，因为这趟列车时间太长，还没有热水。卖梨的孩子在铁道上随着旅客的呼声来回奔跑，扒在车窗上，双手捧上梨，接过乘客手里的硬币，不一会儿就卖完了两篮，累得满头大汗，但脸上挂满笑容。真希望他每天的生意都这样好。进入云南已是第二个黄昏过后。第二天晚上十点多，历经三十一个小时后，火车抵达昆明。老友肯早已和他女朋友在火车站等候我多时了。打的到白马东区，住在肯单位的宿舍。肯曾和我一同进入南昌的单位，但几个月后转奔昆明，好几年未见。他长我八岁，在南昌时我们曾住隔壁，经常一起做饭、打桌球。听说他不日即将大婚，房子隔年也将交付，真替他高兴，真心祝福他们幸福。是晚太累，好好洗了个澡，粘床便睡着了。我在人群拥挤的火车站，排在队伍后面，等待着开往昆明的火车。在火车上拍的，初见云贵高原。在火车上拍的，铁路下面就是河流与峡谷，火车在崇山峻岭间行驶，穿过了一个又一个隧道。路上列车停下来的时候，就会有这样的小孩子追着列车卖山梨，梨很小，一块钱两枚。卖梨的孩子在铁道上随着旅客的呼声来回奔跑，扒在车窗上，双手捧上梨，接过乘客手里的硬币，不一会儿就卖完了两篮，累得满头大汗，但脸上挂满笑容。火车上，第二个黄昏时的夕阳，将远处的山峦笼罩在金色的余晖中。搭车去尼泊尔（二）：单车逛昆明 D3/2011.7.23 早上醒来，肯加班去了，我骑了他的山地车出门，一个人逛昆明。　　相对于内地的夏天来说，春城温度并不高，但阳光很晒，紫外线比较强，如果不穿长袖、不戴遮阳帽，一会儿就会觉察到胳膊、脸上热辣辣的。　　先计划骑车去爬西山。在市区内辨路时，正好遇到一伙昆明的车友骑车出游，一看见车友，我就感到很亲切，追上去问他们去哪儿，他们说去易门，一天往返，一百来公里，还有后援车，在得知我也是外地过来的车友后，还热情地邀我跟他们一起同去，我是非常想去，但时间有限，遗憾不能同行。问他们去西山的路怎么走，他们告诉我会经过山脚下，让我跟着队伍，于是跟着昆明车友的队伍，骑行至西山脚下，然后告别。　　虽然西山最高峰罗汉峰的海拔有2511米，但因为昆明本身地处高原，海拔比较高，所以西山的相对海拔并不是很高，只有几百米，骑车爬起坡来难度并不大，二三十分钟就可上去，一路有很多车友来此锻炼，或正爬坡，或正疾驰下山，再加上徒步的游客，山路上显得很热闹。昆明西山，华亭禅寺这里长眠着一个年仅24岁的年轻音乐家——聂耳，中华人民共和国国歌的作曲者。骑上西山后，在山顶俯瞰滇池，蓝天白云下，滇池漫无边际，一碧如海。滇池的水非常绿，因为滇池属富营型湖泊，部分水域呈异常营养征兆，水色暗黄绿，内湖有机污染严重，导致湖水绿森森的像油漆一样，走在湖边还能闻到死去鱼虾的腐臭。政府为治理滇池污染，连续投入已超过40亿元，但收效甚微，目前仍呈重度污染状态。快艇疾驶过滇池昆明徐霞客纪念馆、昆明杨升庵纪念馆。徐霞客是中国户外界历史上公认的大侠，杨升庵是明代三大才子之一、正德六年状元。碧树掩映下的升庵祠升庵祠前的睡莲已悄然绽放碧峣精舍。杨慎（升庵）曾经讲学的地方。午后的巷子内，光影斑驳。滑过滇池上空的缆车滇池附近的湿地公园，生态环境很好船房河。船房河岸的午后很静谧，茂盛的湿地、水鸟、鲜花，浓密的树阴下，有人乘凉，有人垂钓，有人看书，有人野营聚餐打扑克，有人在吊床里享受甜蜜的梦境。西华园，午后，休闲的人们，更像是一个亲子乐园，来回奔跑玩耍的孩子们。西华园内，放风筝的小女孩西南联大旧址，在今云南师范大学校内国立西南联大原教室，看样子应该是在遗址基础上整修或重建的。夕阳余晖下，让人对那个大师辈出的年代，神往不已。闻一多先生衣冠冢西南联大纪念碑翠湖公园的荷塘这一天骑着车在昆明市区内逛了十来个小时，一直到晚上八点才回到肯的宿舍。我告诉肯，明天就打算离开昆明，往西走，开始真正的搭车和徒步旅行。晚上，两人好好腐败了下，喝了点啤酒。出发前，我心里并不是很有谱，因为我从来没有搭过顺风车，不知道具体该如何去操作，上网查了一下出市区的路线，弄清楚怎么坐公交出城，决定到城外再去找机会，又查了下云南各地车牌号的字母代号，大致知道了走滇藏大致要搭往什么方向去的车。只能跟自己说，祝我好运。然后睡觉。未完待续搭车去尼泊尔（三）：第一次搭车的艰辛，大理古城，洱海露营 D4/2011.7.24 今日行程：昆明→大理，搭车2次，里程300公里。徒步约7个小时，徒步里程30公里。离开昆明的这一天我起得很早，5：40，按计划今天要搭车到大理。收拾好包，和肯告别之后，6：50离开了他住的宿舍。我走在大街上，径直向最近的公交车站。先乘公交到了明波家具城，下了车，下车之后的我一时有点茫然，周围是高架桥，众多过往的车辆，清晨的环卫工人在打扫马路，空气中弥漫着灰尘。 “嘿，伙计，现在没公交车了，轮到你搭车了，赶紧的啊！”我仿佛听到自己在心里跟自己这样说。可是我不知道该怎样去搭，我从没搭过顺风车，该怎样把车拦下来，并说服人家免费搭我呢？我的心跳咚咚加快，手足无措，接下来该……？现在回想起来，当时的紧张确实有点搞笑，但对于一个没有尝试过搭车的人，心里完全没谱，第一次的心理活动就是如此。我在心里转过了很多个想法，该怎么拦，拦下来怎么去说，要是别人不搭我该怎么办，等等诸如此类的情况，但想得越多反而越紧张。我想起《搭车去柏林》里的拦车的姿势，矜持地举起了右手，朝上竖起了大拇指。但不得不说，非常没底气，举手的姿势很不理直气壮，而且脸也不敢往后多看。这么多过往的车，我总觉得我的姿势很别扭，于是伸着手臂，埋头往前走，侥幸地希冀着有车能停下来。显然，这样是没效果的，因为首先，这是在市区高架桥下面，这么多车没人会突然停下来，搞不好后面的车就追尾了；第二，我埋头朝前走，别人连我的脸都没看清，怎么可能停车；第三，也许这些车根本就不去大理，只是在市区近郊活动。我就这样走着，沿着马路走了四十分钟，走过了高架桥，到了高速和国道的分岔路口。一路很多车经过，但这么久了根本没人鸟我，伸着手在路边半天别人看都不看，让我有点小受伤。我在岔路口徘徊着，到底是沿国道继续走呢，还是在高速路口继续等呢？如果走国道得走到什么时候，在路口等好像这里也不方便停车……纠结死我了。这时，一伙山东大学的自行车队，沿着国道320方向，穿着统一的T恤，打着旗子从我身边过去了，经过我身边的时候见我背个大包站在路边，还冲我喊加油，哎哟，小振奋，于是决定：沿着国道走！边走边拦，依旧没车睬我。突然有个面包车在前面停下来了，我的心跳在加速，感觉血脉贲张，赶紧跑上去。开车的是个女司机，大姑娘问我，到哪里，我说去大理，她说不到大理，我说到前面下也行，她问我出多少钱，我叽里咕噜地说了一大通，表明自己是个旅行者，准备徒步和搭车去尼泊尔的，想搭免费车等等，那姑娘尴尬地一笑，摇上车窗，开走了。我站在原地还没反应过来，感觉有点懵，回味这笑是什么意思，意识到自己像个SB，心想，说那么多干嘛，不就是蹭车搭吗，可又一想，说得具体点，这不显得我真诚嘛！得，得，没人搭，走路吧。走了一段，天开始下雨，套上防雨罩，撑开伞继续走。后来雨停了。爬上一个大坡，已经离市区很远了，有点累，把包扔在地上，站在路边等。依旧没有车停下来。后来，一辆面包车停下来了，隔着窗问我出多少钱，可想而知，我说想搭车后又开走了。我有点沮丧，开始怀疑，是不是我的搭车方式有问，还是，车根本就不是这么搭的？想不明白。功夫不负有心人，大约九点半，终于又停下来一辆面包车。司机本来想跟我谈价钱，但听了我的讲述后，告诉我去大理不应该走国道，而应去高速收费站等。往前面一公里就是去高速的路口，可以载我过去。我兴奋极了，菩萨诶，终于开张了！搭一公里也是搭啊，赶紧把包丢上车。搭我的司机是彭大哥和另一位大哥。不一会儿到了路口，下车跟他们说再见。然后沿着土路走了一段，绕到杭瑞高速/G56上，又往前走了一段，到达昆明西收费站。站在高速路边，我心里充满期待，这里有无数辆车经过，我以为机会大大的有，马上就可以走人，结果再一次失望了。每秒钟都有好几辆车过去，但没有车停下来问津。阳光暴晒，我在路边伸着手臂，手臂都快举断了。转眼四十分钟过去了，我又开始怀疑是不是我的方式有问，于是跟眼镜牛（当时他在搭车国境线）发信息，说怎么拦车都没车停下来，咋办，眼镜牛说最好上去问，多谈谈。我想这里不是加油站，不太方便交谈，然后我又想了想，是不是司机不知道我这姿势是想搭顺风车啊？还是不知道我要去哪里就不停？于是，我掏出日记本和笔，写了两个大大的字，“大理”，平举在胸前。虽然我感觉还是有点怪，但总算表明自己的意图了。但这块牌子也并没有让我立刻搭上车，眼看着眼前一辆辆车经过，有的司机还瞅我的牌子望了一眼，但就是没停下来。一开始我有点焦急，像热锅上的蚂蚁，毫无头绪，手臂平举着久了也酸痛不已，后来慢慢淡定下来，安慰自己，也许是缘分没到吧。在昆明西高速收费站，在那尴尬地等车的一个小时里，我看着眼前经过的成百上千辆车，却没有属于我的缘分，直到欧大哥和黄女士的车在我旁边停下来，问我去哪里，我说去大理，他们说上车吧，那一刻，我突然有点感动，一下子参悟了搭车的真谛，“从现在开始，我开始相信缘分，有些人就是在特定场合特定时刻来让我遇见的。” 欧大哥是一名律师，黄女士是他女朋友，在法院工作，小俩口要从昆明去德宏接一件案子，会路过大理下关，于是载上了我。聊天中，他们得知了我的旅行计划，很感兴趣，不时问我一些关于西藏的问，欧大哥说还没去过西藏，想什么时候自驾带上女朋友去玩一趟。车厢里响起BEYOND的《海阔天空》，我说，我也挺喜欢这歌的，欧大哥会心一笑。我坐在后座上，欣赏着窗外的景色，一路蓝天白云，绿色的田野和山峦，风自由地吹着，心情像天气一样好。三百公里的路程结束了，下午两点，大理下关，我下了车，告别欧大哥和黄女士，目送他们的车去德宏。谢谢你们。在下关吃过午饭，准备坐车去大理古城，一开始走错路，问路，转车，终于到达大理古城，下午暴走大理城中各处。大理是座很漂亮的古城，但也有大多热门旅游景区的通病，人太多。快天黑时，我准备去洱海边扎营，开始往洱海方向走。在大理城内眺望洱海，似乎很近，以为很快就能走到，但走起来才发现错了。一个多小时后，天已经黑了，我在一片水稻田中间的土路上，连洱海的影子都还没见着。白天本已负重走了一天，此时早已心力俱疲，浑身酸痛，进也不是，退也不是，人都快疯掉。错误地轻信了高原上的视觉距离，看山走死马啊。硬着头皮往前走，后来到一个叫小邑庄的村子，跟两个小孩子问路，确认没走错路。进一条窄巷，穿过村子，终于到达洱海边上。洱海边有几个小孩子在洗澡，我选好扎营地址，几个小孩子好奇地围过来，七手八脚地帮我搭帐篷。搭好帐篷，坐在湖边发呆，过来几个散步的游客，成都的一家三口，天南海北地聊了一会天。后来村子的村长经过，也聊了一会，他说他承包了洱海的一个片区，负责清理垃圾，政府每月补助800块钱。他走的时候反复叮嘱我好几次，一定要注意安全，这里的治安并不是特别好，我点头答应。帐篷搭在伸向湖的一条石头路上，洱海边就我一个人，有水鼓荡的声音，鱼跳动的声音，还有远处的狗吠，蒲草间的虫鸣。晚风轻轻吹着，我坐在海边的石阶上，对岸有灯火，天上有漫天星斗，除此之外，一切静极了。那个晚上，上半夜洱海边的风特别大，由于是石头路，没法打地钉，我的帐篷晃来晃去呼啦啦直响，明显地感到被风压向了一边。挂在帐篷上的手电光也是飘摇不定，好像风雨夕的烛火。我睡在帐篷里，感觉很揪心，担心我的帐篷杆被刮断，或者外帐被风掀走，那就是个十足的杯具啊。其实晚上那个村长过来和我聊天的时候就说，晚上这里风很大，我说我一百多斤的重量压在帐篷里还能把我帐篷吹走？是的，的确是吹不走，但是风可以把我的帐篷当气球玩，一会大一会小，还玩得挺带劲。风，你能不能不要这么调皮地玩我的帐篷？我只祈祷今晚不要下雨，否则明天就会在洱海中游泳的梦境中醒来…… 结果，后半夜风就悄悄遁了去，一夜无梦到天亮。（手机照）我搭的第一辆车，司机师傅是彭大哥和另外一位不知名的大哥。在昆明城外的320国道上，从某坡顶搭我到去高速的路口，虽然只有一公里，但对我来说意义很重大。我搭的第二辆车，欧大哥和他的女朋友黄女士，从昆明西高速收费站搭我到大理下关，300公里。他们从昆明去德宏出差经过大理，载上了我。崇圣寺三塔之一崇圣寺三塔之一大理古城北门大理古城大理古城大理古城内的街道树下冥想的老者大理的洋人街大理古城的街道大理古城内，骑单车的外国美眉大理古城内的建筑古城内的流水大理五华楼城门开灯饰品店琳琅满目的灯饰大理古城地理识大理古城家家有流水户户有繁花苍山上的云徒步去洱海的路上，一片水稻田洱海边露营的夜晚洱海边的夜晚布满繁星搭车去尼泊尔（四）：洱海日出，丽江漫步，夜宿黑龙潭 D5/2011.7.25 今日行程：大理古城→丽江古城，搭车2次，里程165公里。徒步8公里。早上天刚亮，在我露营的码头就有附近的村民前来洗衣、挑水、散步，窸窸窣窣的脚步声，没办法再睡，只好起来，拿了相机坐在洱海边等日出。我在洱海边的营地。天边现出朝霞，等待日出。洱海边的村民，在湖里捕鱼。洱海边的村庄朝霞洱海日出收拾好营地，准备启程，自拍一张上路吧，对着我的影子说。大片的稻田，穿过这片稻田，远方就是大理古城和苍山。一开始，我沿着这条土路要走回大理城内，不过半路搭上了一位大哥的车，不然要再走一个小时。看完日出，收拾帐篷，徒步往回走，去大理古城内吃早饭。这一段土路比较长，本来至少要走一个半小时，但走了半个小时后，路上开过来一辆小车，我抱着试试看的态度招了下手，车居然停下来了。我问司机能否搭我出这段土路到公路上去，师傅答应了。运气真好，不然我还要走一个小时才能出去。进大理古城吃了早点，又回到马路边，开始搭车去丽江。车很多，但不太好搭，我像昨天一样，写了个“丽江”的牌子举在胸前。一直等了40分钟后，杨女士的车停在我前面，搭上了我。杨女士是丽江人，跑旅游的，女儿刚高考完毕，报的西南民族大学，她开私家车带女儿去昆明玩，今天回丽江。车子沿着盘山公路疾驶，杨女士车技确实很赞，驾轻就熟，开得既快又稳，不愧是开车跑旅游路线的司机。路上会遇到骑单车的车友，我都会在车上跟他们大声喊加油，因为我有过经历我知道，一个人骑单车走长途，尤其是在爬坡的时候，路上任何一个陌生人的鼓励都会让人觉得倍受鼓舞，觉得世界美好。曾经那些陌生人带给我的鼓励，我要把它带给每一位单车进藏者。快到丽江的时候，路不太好，据说是因为在修机场。下午两点到了丽江市区，直奔古城。下车的时候，杨女士突然跟我说，这样吧，你还是给点油费吧，因为我们毕竟是跑旅游的。我感到有点意外，因为在大理上车的时候，我就说明了自己是搭车旅行者，而且路上我也有提到自己的计划是搭顺风车去尼泊尔。但我又想了想，没做争辩，问多少钱，她说五十，其实这个价钱相对于这段路来说很公道，即使坐大巴也要这么多钱。我付给了杨女士五十元钱。这件事确实有点特殊。一般来说，搭车路上，如果司机停下车问你，你表明想搭车，如果他说可以，那没什么问；如果说他问你出多少钱，你可以表明自己是搭顺风车，不付钱，如果他能接受，就搭，不能接受，开车走也没什么问；又或者在实在搭不到车的情况下，花点钱也是有可能的，但之前要谈好价格。有的车是专门跑旅游的，是拉客的车，不可能免费搭你，但有的车是顺路自驾的车，可能搭你，但也可能跟你讲价钱。就杨女士的事来说，我不能说她的行为不对，毕竟人家帮助了我，如果不是这样，也许今天我会在路边等更久，也并不是钱的问，只是之前我表明了是搭车，她也答应了，后来向我收钱，确实有点意料之外。也只能说在搭车的路上，什么情况都可能遇到。我搭的第四辆车，大理古城至丽江古城。路上遇到的运送火把的车辆。那几天正好是当地少数民族的盛大节日——火把节，这辆车后面装的就是节日用的火把。车上拍的，路边的风景。到丽江后，进入大研古镇，找地方吃饭，之后在镇上闲逛。开始太阳挺大，后来下雨，并越下越大。我在大树下避雨，看着古街上来往的游客。丽江古城给人的第一印象：小资，美女，酒吧，客栈，庭院，各种特色小店，总之，是妞们大爱的地方，来这里的妞们，喜欢披个披肩或是穿波西米亚的长裙，一副风情万种的女文艺青年样，要不就是热裤吊带高跟鞋，大秀美腿。但有一点必须承认，美女确实很多。在城内溜达的时候，有个年轻人叫住了我，他叫小潘，从南京过来的，大三学生，他的旅行方式跟我差不多，搭车、徒步，要到拉萨去。他出门的时候带了600块钱，7.3号从昆明出来，9号走到到丽江没钱了，就一直在古城内某酒店里打工，要到30号结账。他表示想和我一起走，问我能不能等，但我估计不太可能会在丽江呆到30号，因为计划还要去泸沽湖和虎跳峡徒步，于是我说看情况吧。相互留了手机号，随时保持联系。但其实最后小潘离开丽江走滇藏的时候一直在我前面，一直到拉萨。我们一路保持联系，他给我提供了不少有用的信息，只是后来一直没机会再碰面，他到拉萨的时候我在墨脱，我到拉萨的时候他去珠峰了，我去珠峰的时候他又回拉萨了，我再回拉萨的时候他已经回去上学了。刚开始进入古城的时候觉得人还挺少，直到走到四方街附近，才发现游客都扎堆在这了。天还未黑，酒吧一条街已经喧闹非常。我穿过酒吧一条街，一直往黑龙潭方向走，我想在天黑之前找个合适的露营地。进入黑龙潭是需要凭借缴纳的古城维护费收据的，为了逃票，我脱掉鞋，趟过没膝的河水，借着灌木丛的掩护，进入了黑龙潭景区。在里面转了一圈，露营地址选在湖心岛上的“得月楼”下面走廊上，这里位置绝佳，既能遮风避雨，又适合取景拍照。晚上八点多，开始搭帐篷。此时公园里还有稀稀落落的游客，有几个山东游客见我这样很好奇，问了下我的行程，觉得很神奇，要拉着我一起合影，真是受宠若惊，搞得我都有点不好意思了。到了晚上九点二十，景区内就一个人也没有了，灯也全部熄掉了，静得连掉根针的声音都听得到。有几只不知是家猫还是野猫，在外面叫唤，被我轰走了。打开手电，在帐篷内记日记，肚子咕咕叫，想起晚上一直在找露营地，连晚饭也忘了吃，只好啃了个苹果充饥。公园里非常静，只剩下幽蓝的湖水和漫天的星光，我出去拍了几张夜景，回来躺在帐篷里，睡不着。我能遥远地听见山下的酒吧里传来的歌声，还有人群的欢呼声，那应该是人们在火把节上围着篝火狂欢的声音，彝族、白族的火把节要持续三天，明天会更热闹。我在山上，只有静静湖水，灿烂星河，鱼跃起拨拉湖水，水鸟的呓语。不知道为什么会想起“孤单是一个人的狂欢，狂欢是一群人的孤单”这句话，真是莫名其妙。丽江的餐馆(

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